Anatomy of skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

example of the axial skeleton ?

A

skull , vertebrae , ribs , sternum

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2
Q

example of appendicular skeleton ?

A

bone of upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

is cartilage rigid ?

A

semi rigid but flexible

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4
Q

what is cartilage composed of ?

A

chondrocytes that produce extracellular matrix

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5
Q

is cartilage avascular ?

A

yes

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6
Q

does cartilage have nerve supply ?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the functions of cartilage ?

A

provides a smooth surface for bones to articulate at joints

acts as a shock absorber

enables the growth and development of long bones { endochondral ossification }

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8
Q

what does bones consists of ?

A

calcified extracellular matrix

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9
Q

what do bone cells consist of ?

A

Osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

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10
Q

what is osteocytes ?

A

surrounded by bone matrix

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11
Q

what is osteoblasts ?

A

bone forming cells

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12
Q

what is osteoclasts ?

A

bone resorbing cells

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13
Q

what are the two types of bone ?

A

compact
trabecular / spongy / cancellous

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14
Q

what is the name of the fibrous covering of all bones ?

A

periosteum

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15
Q

where is trabecular bone found ?

A

inside of bones

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16
Q

where is compact bone found ?

A

dense bone
outer shells of all bones
surrounds spongy bone

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17
Q

what are the 5 types of bones can be classified into ?

A

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

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18
Q

describe long bones

A

greater in length than width

long shaft

cylindrical in cross section

usually expanded at either end [ epiphyses ]

mainly compact bone with spongy bone at ends

19
Q

give examples of long bones

A

humerus
phalanges [ finger / toe bones ]

20
Q

describe short bones

A

roughly equal in width and length

composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone

allow small movement when articulated together

21
Q

give an example of short bones

A

bones in wrists and ankle [ carpal and tarsal bones ]

22
Q

how are long and short bone classified ?

A

relative to length and width

defines their shape not size

23
Q

describe flat bones

A

smooth and thin

layer of trabecular bone between two layers of compact bone

protects soft internal structures

provides attachment for muscles

24
Q

give example of flat bones

A

bones of skull , sternum

25
describe irregular bone
elaborate in shape cant be classified into any previous category
26
give examples of irregular bones
many found in face vertebrae
27
describe sesamoid bones
forms within tendons of some muscles as the tendons pass over joints size and distribution can vary
28
give example of sesamoid bones
patella pisiform [ carpal bones ]
29
how is the vertebrae divided by its irregular bones ?
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral [ sacrum ] 3-5 coccygeal [ coccyx ]
30
what is a joint ?
where one bone articulates with another
31
what is the functional classification of joint based upon ?
range of movement
32
what are the types of functional classification of joints?
synarthrosis amphiarthrosis diarthrosis
33
what is synarthrosis joint ?
fixed , doesn't provide any movement
34
what is a amphiarthrosis joint ?
slightly moveable
35
what is a diarthrosis joint ?
freely moveable
36
what is structural joint based on ?
intervening type of tissue
37
what are the three types of structural joints ?
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
38
what is a fibrous joint ?
connected by dense connective tissue , no joint cavity
39
what is cartilaginous joint ?
connected by hyaline cartilage, no joint cavity
40
what is synovial joint ?
have synovial fluid , fluid filled cavity that surrounds the articulating bones
41
where are fibrous joints found ?
sutures of the skull membranous connections between bones gomphosis [ tooth in bone socket ]
42
where are cartilaginous joints found ?
ribs to sternum intervertebral discs growth plates of long bones
43
what are some of the feature of synovial joints ?
freely moveable , wide range of movement [ diarthrosis ] most joint of limbs articulate cartilage synovial / joint cavity joint capsule liagments