Anatomy of skeletal system Flashcards
example of the axial skeleton ?
skull , vertebrae , ribs , sternum
example of appendicular skeleton ?
bone of upper and lower limbs
is cartilage rigid ?
semi rigid but flexible
what is cartilage composed of ?
chondrocytes that produce extracellular matrix
is cartilage avascular ?
yes
does cartilage have nerve supply ?
No
What are the functions of cartilage ?
provides a smooth surface for bones to articulate at joints
acts as a shock absorber
enables the growth and development of long bones { endochondral ossification }
what does bones consists of ?
calcified extracellular matrix
what do bone cells consist of ?
Osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
what is osteocytes ?
surrounded by bone matrix
what is osteoblasts ?
bone forming cells
what is osteoclasts ?
bone resorbing cells
what are the two types of bone ?
compact
trabecular / spongy / cancellous
what is the name of the fibrous covering of all bones ?
periosteum
where is trabecular bone found ?
inside of bones
where is compact bone found ?
dense bone
outer shells of all bones
surrounds spongy bone
what are the 5 types of bones can be classified into ?
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
describe long bones
greater in length than width
long shaft
cylindrical in cross section
usually expanded at either end [ epiphyses ]
mainly compact bone with spongy bone at ends
give examples of long bones
humerus
phalanges [ finger / toe bones ]
describe short bones
roughly equal in width and length
composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone
allow small movement when articulated together
give an example of short bones
bones in wrists and ankle [ carpal and tarsal bones ]
how are long and short bone classified ?
relative to length and width
defines their shape not size
describe flat bones
smooth and thin
layer of trabecular bone between two layers of compact bone
protects soft internal structures
provides attachment for muscles
give example of flat bones
bones of skull , sternum
describe irregular bone
elaborate in shape
cant be classified into any previous category
give examples of irregular bones
many found in face
vertebrae
describe sesamoid bones
forms within tendons of some muscles as the tendons pass over joints
size and distribution can vary
give example of sesamoid bones
patella
pisiform [ carpal bones ]
how is the vertebrae divided by its irregular bones ?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral [ sacrum ]
3-5 coccygeal [ coccyx ]
what is a joint ?
where one bone articulates with another
what is the functional classification of joint based upon ?
range of movement
what are the types of functional classification of joints?
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
what is synarthrosis joint ?
fixed , doesn’t provide any movement
what is a amphiarthrosis joint ?
slightly moveable
what is a diarthrosis joint ?
freely moveable
what is structural joint based on ?
intervening type of tissue
what are the three types of structural joints ?
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
what is a fibrous joint ?
connected by dense connective tissue , no joint cavity
what is cartilaginous joint ?
connected by hyaline cartilage, no joint cavity
what is synovial joint ?
have synovial fluid , fluid filled cavity that surrounds the articulating bones
where are fibrous joints found ?
sutures of the skull
membranous connections between bones
gomphosis [ tooth in bone socket ]
where are cartilaginous joints found ?
ribs to sternum
intervertebral discs
growth plates of long bones
what are some of the feature of synovial joints ?
freely moveable , wide range of movement [ diarthrosis ]
most joint of limbs
articulate cartilage
synovial / joint cavity
joint capsule
liagments
