Anatomy of skeletal system

Question 1

example of the axial skeleton ?

Answer 1

skull , vertebrae , ribs , sternum

Question 2

example of appendicular skeleton ?

Answer 2

bone of upper and lower limbs

Question 3

is cartilage rigid ?

Answer 3

semi rigid but flexible

Question 4

what is cartilage composed of ?

Answer 4

chondrocytes that produce extracellular matrix

Question 5

is cartilage avascular ?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

does cartilage have nerve supply ?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What are the functions of cartilage ?

Answer 7

provides a smooth surface for bones to articulate at joints

acts as a shock absorber

enables the growth and development of long bones { endochondral ossification }

Question 8

what does bones consists of ?

Answer 8

calcified extracellular matrix

Question 9

what do bone cells consist of ?

Answer 9

Osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

Question 10

what is osteocytes ?

Answer 10

surrounded by bone matrix

Question 11

what is osteoblasts ?

Answer 11

bone forming cells

Question 12

what is osteoclasts ?

Answer 12

bone resorbing cells

Question 13

what are the two types of bone ?

Answer 13

compact
trabecular / spongy / cancellous

Question 14

what is the name of the fibrous covering of all bones ?

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

where is trabecular bone found ?

Answer 15

inside of bones

Question 16

where is compact bone found ?

Answer 16

dense bone
outer shells of all bones
surrounds spongy bone

Question 17

what are the 5 types of bones can be classified into ?

Answer 17

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 18

describe long bones

Answer 18

greater in length than width

long shaft

cylindrical in cross section

usually expanded at either end [ epiphyses ]

mainly compact bone with spongy bone at ends

Question 19

give examples of long bones

Answer 19

humerus
phalanges [ finger / toe bones ]

Question 20

describe short bones

Answer 20

roughly equal in width and length

composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone

allow small movement when articulated together

Question 21

give an example of short bones

Answer 21

bones in wrists and ankle [ carpal and tarsal bones ]

Question 22

how are long and short bone classified ?

Answer 22

relative to length and width

defines their shape not size

Question 23

describe flat bones

Answer 23

smooth and thin

layer of trabecular bone between two layers of compact bone

protects soft internal structures

provides attachment for muscles

Question 24

give example of flat bones

Answer 24

bones of skull , sternum

Question 25

describe irregular bone

Answer 25

elaborate in shape

cant be classified into any previous category

Question 26

give examples of irregular bones

Answer 26

many found in face

vertebrae

Question 27

describe sesamoid bones

Answer 27

forms within tendons of some muscles as the tendons pass over joints

size and distribution can vary

Question 28

give example of sesamoid bones

Answer 28

patella

pisiform [ carpal bones ]

Question 29

how is the vertebrae divided by its irregular bones ?

Answer 29

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral [ sacrum ]
3-5 coccygeal [ coccyx ]

Question 30

what is a joint ?

Answer 30

where one bone articulates with another

Question 31

what is the functional classification of joint based upon ?

Answer 31

range of movement

Question 32

what are the types of functional classification of joints?

Answer 32

synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

diarthrosis

Question 33

what is synarthrosis joint ?

Answer 33

fixed , doesn’t provide any movement

Question 34

what is a amphiarthrosis joint ?

Answer 34

slightly moveable

Question 35

what is a diarthrosis joint ?

Answer 35

freely moveable

Question 36

what is structural joint based on ?

Answer 36

intervening type of tissue

Question 37

what are the three types of structural joints ?

Answer 37

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

Question 38

what is a fibrous joint ?

Answer 38

connected by dense connective tissue , no joint cavity

Question 39

what is cartilaginous joint ?

Answer 39

connected by hyaline cartilage, no joint cavity

Question 40

what is synovial joint ?

Answer 40

have synovial fluid , fluid filled cavity that surrounds the articulating bones

Question 41

where are fibrous joints found ?

Answer 41

sutures of the skull

membranous connections between bones

gomphosis [ tooth in bone socket ]

Question 42

where are cartilaginous joints found ?

Answer 42

ribs to sternum

intervertebral discs

growth plates of long bones

Question 43

what are some of the feature of synovial joints ?

Answer 43

freely moveable , wide range of movement [ diarthrosis ]

most joint of limbs

articulate cartilage

synovial / joint cavity

joint capsule

liagments