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science for medicine > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s included in the integumentary system ?

A
  1. skin
    - epidermis
    - dermis
  2. accessory organs
    - hair
    - nails
    - glands
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2
Q

what are the four main tissues in the human body ?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
    3.muscular
  3. nervous
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3
Q

what is function of epithelial tissue ?

A

covers body surface and lines body cavities

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4
Q

what is the function of connective tissue ?

A

binds and supports body parts

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5
Q

what is the function of muscular tissue ?

A

moves body parts

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6
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue ?

A

receives , interprets and sends signals

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7
Q

what is the function of basement membrane ?

A

provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures

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8
Q

what are the 5 types of epithelial tissues ?

A
  • squamous
    -cuboidal
    -columnar
    -pseudostratified ciliated columnar
    -stratified squamous epithelium
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9
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue ?

A
  • protection
    -sensation
    -secretion
    -absorption
    -excretion
    -diffusion
    -cleaning
    -reduces friction
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10
Q

what is the name of the outer layer of skin called ?

A

epidermis

composed of epithelial cells

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11
Q

what is the name of middle layer of skin ?

A

dermis

composed of connective tissue

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12
Q

what is the third layer of skin called ?

A

subcutaneous

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13
Q

what is the basement membrane composed of ?

A

glycoproteins- sticky sugar proteins and protein fibres

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14
Q

what is a property of collagen ?

A

strong
elastic - stretchy

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15
Q

what is largest organ ?

A

skin

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16
Q

what is the function of the receptors in the skin ?

A

receptors for pain , temp , touch and pressure

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17
Q

what does epi mean ?

A

means on top of

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18
Q

what is layers of dead skin called ?

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

what is the stratum corneum composed of ?

A

keratin

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20
Q

is the stratum corneum avascular ?

A

yes

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21
Q

does the stratum corneum have nervous tissue ?

A

no cannot feel pain

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22
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis ?

A
  1. papillary layer ( more superficial )
  2. reticular layer ( deeper )
23
Q

where is the subcutaneous fat found ?

A

deep in the dermis

24
Q

does the subcutaneous fat contain lots of blood vessels ?

A

yes

25
Q

what is the subcutaneous fat composed of ?

A

adipose fat tissue

26
Q

why is the skin on feet thicker than on eyelids ?

A

less pressure is applied to eyelids

27
Q

where is the stratum lucidum is located ?

A

is a translucent layer lying beneath the corneum

28
Q

what is the stratum lucidum function ?

A

cells in this layer are also dead or in the process of dying

29
Q

what process is the stratum granulosum doing through ?

A

keratinization becoming fibrous proteins similar to the protein in the hair and nails

30
Q

where is melanin in the skin located ?

A

stratum germinativum

31
Q

what is the function of the stratum germinativum ?

A

capable of cell division

32
Q

what does the dermis contain ?

A

lymphatics , nerves , nerve endings , blood vessels , sweat glands ,elastic fibres and hair follicles

33
Q

what is the papillary layer of dermis ?

A

forms ridges
fingers and footprints

34
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis ?

A

beneath the papillary layer
white fibrous tissue that supports blood vessels

35
Q

what muscle is located by hair follicles ?

A

pilomotor muscle

36
Q

what is the pilomotor muscles function ?

A

stimulated by skin irritations , emotional arousal , cold temps

causing goose flesh ( goose bumps )

37
Q

what is the function hair papilla ?

A

provides nourishment to the hair

responsible for hair growth

38
Q

what is the transparent cuticle function in the hair ?

A

covers hair shaft

protecting it from the elements and chemicals and loosing moisture

39
Q

what is the function of the cortex ?

A

provides most of the hairs weight

contains melanin which provides hair colour

stores oils

provides flexibility and elasticity

adds shape to the hair

40
Q

what is the medulla of the hair ?

A

inner hollow core that runs length of the shaft

41
Q

what are the sebaceous glands ?

A

oil glands

tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle

42
Q

what does the sebaceous gland secrete ?

A

sebum which lubricates the hair and the skin

43
Q

what is the nail root also called ?

A

germinal matrix

44
Q

what is the function of the fingernails and toe nails ?

A

protect fingers and toes

45
Q

what is the nail cuticle called ?

A

eponychium

fuses nail plate and the skin of the finger together

46
Q

what are ingrown nails ?

A

nails which have curled down or around

47
Q

what are sudoriferous glands ?

A

Sweat glands

48
Q

why is sweat beneficial ?

A

sweat collects on the skin surface

evaporates and creates cooling effect

49
Q

why does sweat smell ?

A

as it accumulates sweat becomes odorous by action of bacteria

50
Q

what is the condition of hidrosis ?

A

is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles

51
Q

what is anhidrosis ?

A

is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat

52
Q

what are some factors which affect skin health ?

A

water
environment
sleep
stress
alcohol
diet
sun exposure

53
Q

what are some effects of climate change in skin health?

A

skin infections
dry skin
skin cancers

54
Q

what does the ABCDE of detecting melanoma stand for ?

A

A= Asymmetry
B= Border
C=Colour
D=Diameter
E=Evolving

science for medicine (16 decks)

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