integumentary system Flashcards
what’s included in the integumentary system ?
- skin
- epidermis
- dermis - accessory organs
- hair
- nails
- glands
what are the four main tissues in the human body ?
- epithelial
- connective
3.muscular - nervous
what is function of epithelial tissue ?
covers body surface and lines body cavities
what is the function of connective tissue ?
binds and supports body parts
what is the function of muscular tissue ?
moves body parts
what is the function of nervous tissue ?
receives , interprets and sends signals
what is the function of basement membrane ?
provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures
what are the 5 types of epithelial tissues ?
- squamous
-cuboidal
-columnar
-pseudostratified ciliated columnar
-stratified squamous epithelium
what are the functions of epithelial tissue ?
- protection
-sensation
-secretion
-absorption
-excretion
-diffusion
-cleaning
-reduces friction
what is the name of the outer layer of skin called ?
epidermis
composed of epithelial cells
what is the name of middle layer of skin ?
dermis
composed of connective tissue
what is the third layer of skin called ?
subcutaneous
what is the basement membrane composed of ?
glycoproteins- sticky sugar proteins and protein fibres
what is a property of collagen ?
strong
elastic - stretchy
what is largest organ ?
skin
what is the function of the receptors in the skin ?
receptors for pain , temp , touch and pressure
what does epi mean ?
means on top of
what is layers of dead skin called ?
stratum corneum
what is the stratum corneum composed of ?
keratin
is the stratum corneum avascular ?
yes
does the stratum corneum have nervous tissue ?
no cannot feel pain
what are the two layers of the dermis ?
- papillary layer ( more superficial )
- reticular layer ( deeper )
where is the subcutaneous fat found ?
deep in the dermis
does the subcutaneous fat contain lots of blood vessels ?
yes
what is the subcutaneous fat composed of ?
adipose fat tissue
why is the skin on feet thicker than on eyelids ?
less pressure is applied to eyelids
where is the stratum lucidum is located ?
is a translucent layer lying beneath the corneum
what is the stratum lucidum function ?
cells in this layer are also dead or in the process of dying
what process is the stratum granulosum doing through ?
keratinization becoming fibrous proteins similar to the protein in the hair and nails
where is melanin in the skin located ?
stratum germinativum
what is the function of the stratum germinativum ?
capable of cell division
what does the dermis contain ?
lymphatics , nerves , nerve endings , blood vessels , sweat glands ,elastic fibres and hair follicles
what is the papillary layer of dermis ?
forms ridges
fingers and footprints
what is the reticular layer of the dermis ?
beneath the papillary layer
white fibrous tissue that supports blood vessels
what muscle is located by hair follicles ?
pilomotor muscle
what is the pilomotor muscles function ?
stimulated by skin irritations , emotional arousal , cold temps
causing goose flesh ( goose bumps )
what is the function hair papilla ?
provides nourishment to the hair
responsible for hair growth
what is the transparent cuticle function in the hair ?
covers hair shaft
protecting it from the elements and chemicals and loosing moisture
what is the function of the cortex ?
provides most of the hairs weight
contains melanin which provides hair colour
stores oils
provides flexibility and elasticity
adds shape to the hair
what is the medulla of the hair ?
inner hollow core that runs length of the shaft
what are the sebaceous glands ?
oil glands
tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle
what does the sebaceous gland secrete ?
sebum which lubricates the hair and the skin
what is the nail root also called ?
germinal matrix
what is the function of the fingernails and toe nails ?
protect fingers and toes
what is the nail cuticle called ?
eponychium
fuses nail plate and the skin of the finger together
what are ingrown nails ?
nails which have curled down or around
what are sudoriferous glands ?
Sweat glands
why is sweat beneficial ?
sweat collects on the skin surface
evaporates and creates cooling effect
why does sweat smell ?
as it accumulates sweat becomes odorous by action of bacteria
what is the condition of hidrosis ?
is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles
what is anhidrosis ?
is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat
what are some factors which affect skin health ?
water
environment
sleep
stress
alcohol
diet
sun exposure
what are some effects of climate change in skin health?
skin infections
dry skin
skin cancers
what does the ABCDE of detecting melanoma stand for ?
A= Asymmetry
B= Border
C=Colour
D=Diameter
E=Evolving
