cardiovascular system physiology Flashcards
What is the main organ in the cardiovascular system ?
heart
what’s involve in the venous system in the cardiovascular system ?
veins
venules
what’s involved in the arterial system in cardiovascular system ?
Arteries
arterioles
if taking a blood sample from the venepuncture route ,where is the site its taken from and what type of blood composition ?
site = vein [median cubital , cephalic or basilic vein ]
blood composition = venous blood
if taking a blood sample from the arterial blood , what is the site taken from and the blood composition ?
site = artery [ radial or femoral artery ]
blood composition = arterial blood
if taking blood from the finger tip route , what is the site its taken from and the blood composition ?
site =capillary [ second and third finger]
blood composition = mixed venous - arterial blood
if blood is taken from the heel prick route , what’s its site its taken from and blood composition ?
site = capillary [medial or lateral surface]
blood composition = mixed venous - arterial blood
label the heart
look at lecture slides
what is the myocardium ?
thicker layer of specialised muscle tissue in the heart
what is the myocardium composed of ?
cardiomyocytes and intercalated discs
is myocardium smooth or striated muscle ?
striated muscle
is myocardium muscle involved in voluntary or involuntary contractions
involuntary
describe how action potential is produced at the heart by electrophysiology ?
1 - imitates at the Sino-atrial node
2- spreads across the atria
3- received at the atrio- ventricular node
4- diverted down the bundle of his
5- travels down the septum
6- travels along the bundle branches
7- conducted along by the Purkinje fibres
8- spreads across the ventricles
what is the P wave in an ECG?
atrial depolarization
What is the PR interval in an ECG ?
Time between onset of depolarisation in the atria and onset of depolarisation in the ventricles
what is the QRS complex in an ECG ?
Ventricular depolarization
what is the ST segment of the ECG ?
plateau phase of ventricular depolarization
what is the T wave in the ECG ?
Ventricular repolarization
what is the QT interval in an ECG ?
ventricular depolarization and repolarization
what is the roles of the blood?
transport
blood clots
immunity
what percentage of the blood is haematocrit , buffy coat and plasma ?
haematocrit = 45 %
buffy coat = <1%
plasma = 55%
what is in a haematocrit ?
erythrocytes [red blood cells]
what is in the buffy coat ?
Leukocytes [ white blood cells ]
platelets
what is in the plasma ?
water
proteins
other solutes [ ions and gases ]
if someone has anaemia what is its effect on blood composition ?
depressed haematocrit [ less ]
if someone has polycythaemia , what will there blood composition look like ?
elevated haematocrit
where is erythrocytes produced ?
bone marrow
what hormone is erythrocytes regulated by ?
EPO [ erythropoietin ]
what shape are erythrocytes and why are they this shape ?
biconcave shape and to have a large surface area
how many binding sites do haemoglobin contain ?
four
what is blood pressure ?
the force of circulated blood on the walls of the arteries during contraction [ systole ] and relaxation [ diastole ]
blood and plasma experience resistance as they travel through blood vessels ,what is the resistance determined by ?
blood vessel diameter
blood viscosity
blood vessel length
what is the equation to calculate cardiac output ?
heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output
what is the word for high blood pressure ?
hypEr tension
what is the word for low blood pressure ?
hypOtension
what are some of the possible effects of hypertension and hypotension ?
heart disease
kidney damage
stroke
what are some of the lifestyle factors which can effect blood pressure?
smoking
physical activity
alcohol consumption
stress
overweigh and obesity
caffeine consumption
sleep disturbance
