Anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards
what is the function of the nervous system ?
extensive network of specialized cells that enables the body to react to continuous changes to its internal or external environments
how many connections does the nervous system have ?
100 trillion connections
structurally , what does the CNS system consist of ?
brain and spinal cord
what does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?
remainder of the nervous system outside of the CNS
what is the role of the CNS ?
acts as a control centre, sending and receiving info to and from muscles , glands and organs through peripheral nervous system
what is the function of nerve cells/ neurons ?
infomation processing and signalling elements
what are glial cells ?
supports neurons
name the four types of CNS glial cells
- astrocyte cells
- ependymal cells
- microglial cells
- oligodendrocyte cells
what is the function of oligodendrocyte cells ?
- myelinates and insulates CNS axons
- allows faster action potential propagation along axons in the CNS
What is the function of microglial cells ?
- Phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
- protects the CNS by engulfing infectious agents and other potential harmful substances
what is the function of astrocyte cells ?
- helps form the blood - brain barrier
- regulates interstitial fluid composition
what is function of ependymal cells ?
- lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
- assists in production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
name the two PNS glial cells
- satelite cells
- neurolemmocyte cells
what is the function of the satellite cell ?
- electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
- regulates nutrient and waste exchange for cell bodies in ganglia
what is functions of neurolemmocyte cells ?
- surrounds and insulates PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters
- allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS