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science for medicine > Anatomy of the nervous system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nervous system ?

A

extensive network of specialized cells that enables the body to react to continuous changes to its internal or external environments

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2
Q

how many connections does the nervous system have ?

A

100 trillion connections

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3
Q

structurally , what does the CNS system consist of ?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?

A

remainder of the nervous system outside of the CNS

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5
Q

what is the role of the CNS ?

A

acts as a control centre, sending and receiving info to and from muscles , glands and organs through peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

what is the function of nerve cells/ neurons ?

A

infomation processing and signalling elements

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7
Q

what are glial cells ?

A

supports neurons

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8
Q

name the four types of CNS glial cells

A
  • astrocyte cells
  • ependymal cells
  • microglial cells
  • oligodendrocyte cells
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9
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocyte cells ?

A
  1. myelinates and insulates CNS axons
  2. allows faster action potential propagation along axons in the CNS
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10
Q

What is the function of microglial cells ?

A
  1. Phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
  2. protects the CNS by engulfing infectious agents and other potential harmful substances
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11
Q

what is the function of astrocyte cells ?

A
  1. helps form the blood - brain barrier
  2. regulates interstitial fluid composition
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12
Q

what is function of ependymal cells ?

A
  1. lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
  2. assists in production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
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13
Q

name the two PNS glial cells

A
  • satelite cells
  • neurolemmocyte cells
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14
Q

what is the function of the satellite cell ?

A
  1. electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
  2. regulates nutrient and waste exchange for cell bodies in ganglia
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15
Q

what is functions of neurolemmocyte cells ?

A
  1. surrounds and insulates PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters
  2. allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS
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16
Q

What are the major divisions of the brain ?

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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17
Q

what is in the forebrain ?

A

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
pituitary gland

18
Q

what does cerebrum do ?

A

executive decisions, intellect , memory and movement

19
Q

what does the thalamus do ?

A

sensory relay and processing

20
Q

what does the hypothalamus ?

A

emotion , hormone control

21
Q

what does the pituitary gland do ?

A

hormone regulation

22
Q

what does the midbrain do ?

A

relay centre for auditory/ visual pathways, controls eye movement

23
Q

what does the hindbrain contain ?

A

cerebellum
PONS
medulla oblongta

24
Q

what does cerebellum do ?

A

posture , balance and equilibrium

25
Q

what does PONS and medulla oblongta do ?

A

relay centre , visceral function regulation

26
Q

what are gyrus in the brain ?

A

folds of the cerebral surface

27
Q

what are the sulcus in the brain ?

A

grooves between gyri

28
Q

what are fissure in the brain ?

A

a deep groove

29
Q

what are the three membranous layers outside of the brain ?

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

30
Q

what fluid protects the CNS ?

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

31
Q

A collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called ?

A

nucleus

32
Q

A collection of nerve cells bodies in the PNS is called ?

A

ganglia

33
Q

A bundle of nerve fibres (axon) within the CNS connecting neighboring or distance nuclei of the cerebral cortex is called ?

A

tract

34
Q

A bundle of nerve fibres within the PNS is called ?

A

nerve

35
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there ?

A

31 pairs

36
Q

what are the 5 types of spinal nerves and how many are there of each ?

A

-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
-5 sacral
-1 coccygeal

37
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there ?

A

12 pairs

38
Q

how is the structure of nerves organzied in the PNS ?

A

Nerves that connect the CNS with peripheral structures

39
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system ?

A

operates without conscious control

eg breathing , heart rate

40
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

fight flight or fright

activated in exercise excitement and emergencies

41
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

rest and digest

concerned with conserving energy

science for medicine (23 decks)

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