Anatomy of the nervous system

Question 1

what is the function of the nervous system ?

Answer 1

extensive network of specialized cells that enables the body to react to continuous changes to its internal or external environments

Question 2

how many connections does the nervous system have ?

Answer 2

100 trillion connections

Question 3

structurally , what does the CNS system consist of ?

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?

Answer 4

remainder of the nervous system outside of the CNS

Question 5

what is the role of the CNS ?

Answer 5

acts as a control centre, sending and receiving info to and from muscles , glands and organs through peripheral nervous system

Question 6

what is the function of nerve cells/ neurons ?

Answer 6

infomation processing and signalling elements

Question 7

what are glial cells ?

Answer 7

supports neurons

Question 8

name the four types of CNS glial cells

Answer 8

• astrocyte cells
• ependymal cells
• microglial cells
• oligodendrocyte cells

Question 9

what is the function of oligodendrocyte cells ?

Answer 9

1. myelinates and insulates CNS axons
2. allows faster action potential propagation along axons in the CNS

Question 10

What is the function of microglial cells ?

Answer 10

1. Phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
2. protects the CNS by engulfing infectious agents and other potential harmful substances

Question 11

what is the function of astrocyte cells ?

Answer 11

1. helps form the blood - brain barrier
2. regulates interstitial fluid composition

Question 12

what is function of ependymal cells ?

Answer 12

1. lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
2. assists in production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

name the two PNS glial cells

Answer 13

• satelite cells
• neurolemmocyte cells

Question 14

what is the function of the satellite cell ?

Answer 14

1. electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
2. regulates nutrient and waste exchange for cell bodies in ganglia

Question 15

what is functions of neurolemmocyte cells ?

Answer 15

1. surrounds and insulates PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters
2. allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS

Question 16

What are the major divisions of the brain ?

Answer 16

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 17

what is in the forebrain ?

Answer 17

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
pituitary gland

Question 18

what does cerebrum do ?

Answer 18

executive decisions, intellect , memory and movement

Question 19

what does the thalamus do ?

Answer 19

sensory relay and processing

Question 20

what does the hypothalamus ?

Answer 20

emotion , hormone control

Question 21

what does the pituitary gland do ?

Answer 21

hormone regulation

Question 22

what does the midbrain do ?

Answer 22

relay centre for auditory/ visual pathways, controls eye movement

Question 23

what does the hindbrain contain ?

Answer 23

cerebellum
PONS
medulla oblongta

Question 24

what does cerebellum do ?

Answer 24

posture , balance and equilibrium

Question 25

what does PONS and medulla oblongta do ?

Answer 25

relay centre , visceral function regulation

Question 26

what are gyrus in the brain ?

Answer 26

folds of the cerebral surface

Question 27

what are the sulcus in the brain ?

Answer 27

grooves between gyri

Question 28

what are fissure in the brain ?

Answer 28

a deep groove

Question 29

what are the three membranous layers outside of the brain ?

Answer 29

pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater

Question 30

what fluid protects the CNS ?

Answer 30

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 31

A collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called ?

Answer 31

nucleus

Question 32

A collection of nerve cells bodies in the PNS is called ?

Answer 32

ganglia

Question 33

A bundle of nerve fibres (axon) within the CNS connecting neighboring or distance nuclei of the cerebral cortex is called ?

Answer 33

tract

Question 34

A bundle of nerve fibres within the PNS is called ?

Answer 34

nerve

Question 35

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there ?

Answer 35

31 pairs

Question 36

what are the 5 types of spinal nerves and how many are there of each ?

Answer 36

-8 cervical -12 thoracic -5 lumbar -5 sacral -1 coccygeal

Question 37

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there ?

Answer 37

12 pairs

Question 38

how is the structure of nerves organzied in the PNS ?

Answer 38

Nerves that connect the CNS with peripheral structures

Question 39

what is the autonomic nervous system ?

Answer 39

operates without conscious control eg breathing , heart rate

Question 40

what is the sympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 40

fight flight or fright activated in exercise excitement and emergencies

Question 41

what is the parasympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 41

rest and digest concerned with conserving energy