Metabolism and energy production Flashcards
What is metabolism ?
sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesising new organic material
what is energy required for ?
muscles to contract and move
what is the only energy source capable of being used for muscular contractions ?
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is adenosine triphosphate composed of ?
a base (adenine )
a sugar (ribose)
three phosphate molecule
how is energy released when using ATP as an energy source ?
phosphate molecules attached by high energy bonds which provide energy when removed
what is the equation for the breakdown of ATP ?
ATP <—> ADP +Pi + energy
how long does the ATP energy last ?
2-4 seconds of activity
what are some energy sources of ATP ?
Phosphocreatine (PCr)
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic metabolism
what is the equation for the resynthesis of ADP ?
ADP + PCr <——> ATP + Cr
what is the name of the process where ADP is converted into ATP ?
Phosphorylation
what is the speed of the phosphorylation of ADP ?
Very rapid process
where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
no 02 required
where is glycogen stored for the anaerobic glycolysis ?
muscle and liver
what is the process of anaerobic glycolysis ?
glycogen —> glucose 1-p —–> lactic acid + ATP —-> lactate + hydrogen
where does aerobic glycolysis occur ?
mitochondria
02 required
what is the process of aerobic glycolysis ?
glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What are some disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis ?
limited stores of glycogen
produces lactic acid
what is lipolysis ?
breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acid
what are the macronutrients ?
carbs
proteins
fats
fibre
water
what are the micronutrients ?
electrolytes
minerals
fat soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins
what are trace elements ?
boron , cobalt , copper , iodine , manganese ,molybdenum and zinc
where are carbs stored and transported ?
transported in blood
stored in liver and muscles
where are proteins stored ?
cannot be stored ( de- animation )
where are fats stored ?
stored subcutaneously ( under the skin )
stored viscerally ( organs )
stored in muscles
what is malabsorption syndrome ?
disorders where there is a disruption of digestion and nutrients absorption
can effect single or multiple process
-lactose intolerant
-crohns disease
can lead to a number of condition including malnutrition and anaemia
what are some causes of malabsorption ?
- inadequate gastric mixing
- intestinal damage
-insufficient digestive agents - short bowel
-impaired transport
-abnormal structures
