Metabolism and energy production Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism ?

A

sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesising new organic material

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2
Q

what is energy required for ?

A

muscles to contract and move

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3
Q

what is the only energy source capable of being used for muscular contractions ?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate composed of ?

A

a base (adenine )
a sugar (ribose)
three phosphate molecule

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5
Q

how is energy released when using ATP as an energy source ?

A

phosphate molecules attached by high energy bonds which provide energy when removed

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6
Q

what is the equation for the breakdown of ATP ?

A

ATP <—> ADP +Pi + energy

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7
Q

how long does the ATP energy last ?

A

2-4 seconds of activity

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8
Q

what are some energy sources of ATP ?

A

Phosphocreatine (PCr)
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic metabolism

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9
Q

what is the equation for the resynthesis of ADP ?

A

ADP + PCr <——> ATP + Cr

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10
Q

what is the name of the process where ADP is converted into ATP ?

A

Phosphorylation

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11
Q

what is the speed of the phosphorylation of ADP ?

A

Very rapid process

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12
Q

where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm
no 02 required

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13
Q

where is glycogen stored for the anaerobic glycolysis ?

A

muscle and liver

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14
Q

what is the process of anaerobic glycolysis ?

A

glycogen —> glucose 1-p —–> lactic acid + ATP —-> lactate + hydrogen

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15
Q

where does aerobic glycolysis occur ?

A

mitochondria

02 required

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16
Q

what is the process of aerobic glycolysis ?

A

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

17
Q

What are some disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis ?

A

limited stores of glycogen

produces lactic acid

18
Q

what is lipolysis ?

A

breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acid

19
Q

what are the macronutrients ?

A

carbs

proteins

fats

fibre

water

20
Q

what are the micronutrients ?

A

electrolytes

minerals

fat soluble vitamins

water soluble vitamins

21
Q

what are trace elements ?

A

boron , cobalt , copper , iodine , manganese ,molybdenum and zinc

22
Q

where are carbs stored and transported ?

A

transported in blood

stored in liver and muscles

23
Q

where are proteins stored ?

A

cannot be stored ( de- animation )

24
Q

where are fats stored ?

A

stored subcutaneously ( under the skin )

stored viscerally ( organs )

stored in muscles

25
Q

what is malabsorption syndrome ?

A

disorders where there is a disruption of digestion and nutrients absorption

can effect single or multiple process
-lactose intolerant
-crohns disease

can lead to a number of condition including malnutrition and anaemia

26
Q

what are some causes of malabsorption ?

A
  • inadequate gastric mixing
  • intestinal damage
    -insufficient digestive agents
  • short bowel
    -impaired transport
    -abnormal structures