Immune system pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

what is the immune system ?

A

collection of structures and processes within the body

protect against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the immune system ?

A
  • protect humans from pathogenic microorganisms

-infection

-disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a pathogenic microorganism ?

A

microorganism capable of causing infection and / or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an infection ?

A

ability of pathogen to enter host , multiply and stimulate an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a disease ?

A

clinical manifestations associated with infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is immunology ?

A

study of the components and function of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the immune system protect the body against ?

A

microorganisms

microbial toxins

tumour cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a pathogen ?

A

is an infectious agent “ germ” that causes disease or illness in a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a host ?

A

is the organism in which a parasite or pathogen does damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a parasite ?

A

any organism that has a negative effect on another organism which it has close contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is pathogenesis ?

A

the step by step development of a disease from infection by a pathogen to termination of either the germ or the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is virulence ( potency ) ?

A

how well a pathogen causes disease

inversely associated to how well it spreads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a vector ?

A

the item that transfers the pathogen to its host

vectors are vehicles that transports pathogens from one host to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are examples of a vector ?

A

water , blood , ticks , mosquitoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is transmission ?

A

passing of disease from an infected individual to unaffected individual

passed by means of a vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is endemic ?

A

a common disease that occurs at a constant , but low , rate in a specific population

17
Q

what is a epidemic ?

A

when an endemic disease occurs more frequently that expected , in a given area over a given time period

18
Q

what is a pandemic ?

A

it is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread over a larger area

19
Q

what is eradication ?

A

the reduction of a pathogen and its subsequent disease to zero

20
Q

what is the only eradicated pathogen ?

A

small pox virus

21
Q

are virus considered living ?

A

non living

22
Q

what are the two parts of viruses ?

A

capsid : protein coat
nucleic acids : DNA or RNA

23
Q

what is the method of viruses ?

A

hijack a living host cell and use cellular machinery to replicate and build new virus particles

24
Q

what are some examples of viruses ?

A

HIV
influenza
rhinovirus
small pox
polio

25
are bacteria pathogenic ?
no
26
are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic ?
prokaryotic
27
what are fungi pathogens ?
decomposers that occasionally don't wait until an organism is dead to feed on it
28
29
what are parasitic worms ?
a pathogen that causes intestinal and other infections
30
what are protozoa?
are unicellular animal-like protists
31
what are prions ?
responsible for degenerative disorders of the central nervous system lack DNA or RNA and only consist of only protein sponge-like holes in the brain
32
what is direct contact transmission ?
kissing shaking hands touching open wounds sexual contact
33
what is indirect transmission ?
objects air food water vectors
34
where are portals of entry for disease transmissions ?
respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract mucous membranes penetration
35
what are some prevention / treatment options for pathogen defence ?
antibiotics antifungals vaccinations antivirals mebendazole antibody therapies
36
what does vaccine do to the body's immune system ?
can fight a disease it has not come into contact with before