Genitourinary system anatomy practical Flashcards
what do kidneys do ?
help remove waste and excess fluid
filter blood
regulates blood pressure , pH and glucose level
what hormones does the kidneys produce ?
calcitriol
erythropoietin
what does calcitriol do ?
form of vitamin D that helps the body absorb calcium
what does erythropoietin do ?
helps to produce RBCs
where do the adrenal glands sit ?
on top of each kidney
what does adrenal glands do ?
regulates stress with the productive of cortisol hormone
what transports urine from the kidney to the bladder ?
ureters
where is urine stored ?
Bladder
where is urine expelled from after being stored in bladder ?
urethra
where do the kidney sit in comparison to the spinal cord ?
around level of T12 - L3
What’s the job of the renal capsule ?
3 layers of connective tissue or fat that surround the kidney or protect them from injury
what is the job of renal artery ?
supplies kidneys with oxygen rich blood.
How much blood does each kidney receives every minute?
1.2 litres of blood every minute
what does the renal cortex do ?
outer layer where nephrons ( blood- filtering units ) begins
what is the renal medulla ?
inner layer which contains most nephrons
what does renal pelvis do ?
funnel shaped structure collects the urine into the ureters
how many ureters do each person have ?
two
how long is each ureters ?
25 cm
where are common sites for renal stone obstructions ?
- at the junction where the renal pelvis meets the ureter
2.where the ureter enters the pelvis
3.where the ureter enters the bladder
when does the bladder send signals to the brain to go to toilet ?
250-300ml
where does the bladder sit in males ?
be hide the pubic bone , infront of the rectum
where does the bladder sit in females ?
sits Infront of of the vagina and uterus
what is the triangular muscle in the bladder which prevents backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureters ?
trigone
what is the name of the smooth muscle in the bladder ?
detrusor muscle
what does the detrusor muscle do ?
relaxes to allow bladder to fill with urine
contracts during urination to expel urine
what is the most common pathogen to cause a UTI ?
e. coli
what can a UTI progress to if its not treated properly ?
pyelonephritis
