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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The process involved in the supply of the tissue cells with oxygen and the elimination of carbon(IV) oxide is called?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

During rest, a normal young adult consumes about___ of O2 and excretes ____ of CO2

A

250ml

200ml

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3
Q

The process of respiration is divided into 3 stages namely?

A

External respiration
Transport of gases
Internal respiration

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4
Q

External respiration entails?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

Pulmonary gas exchange

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5
Q

Transport of gases entails?

A

CO2 & O2

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6
Q

Internal respiration entails?

A

Tissue respiration

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7
Q

The uptake of O2 and removal of CO2 in and from the lungs respectively through pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange is called?

A

External respiration

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8
Q

The continuous inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs alveoli through inspiration and expiration is called?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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9
Q

O2 diffusion from the alveolar air into the alveolar capillary blood and CO2 in the opposite direction is called?

A

Pulmonary gas exchange

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10
Q

The transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissues and CO2 in the opposite direction is called?

A

Transport of gases

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11
Q

The utilisation of O2 and production of CO2 by the cells and the gaseous exchange between the cells and their fluid medium is called?

A

Internal respiration

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12
Q

Three structures of the respiratory system are?

A

Respiratory tract and the lungs
Thoracic cage and the respiratory muscles
Centres in the brain stem that control the respiratory muscles and the tracts and the nerves that connect them

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13
Q

The functions of the respiratory system are?

A 
Air distributor
Gas exchanger
Filters, warms and humidifies the air
Influences speech
Aids sense of smell
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14
Q

The two divisions of the respiratory tract are?

A

Upper respiratory tract (outside thorax)

Lower respiratory tract (within thorax)

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15
Q

The contents of the upper respiratory tract are?

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx

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16
Q

The contents of the lower respiratory tract are?

A

Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
Larynx

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17
Q

The nose ____ & ____ the air

A

Warm and moisten

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18
Q

The septum _____ the right & left nostrils

A

separates

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19
Q

The palantine bone _____ the nasal cavity from the mouth

A

separates

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20
Q

The sinuses are ____ in number and ____ weight of the skull

A

4

Lowers

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21
Q

Openings or splits in the roof of the mouth and lip caused by irregular formation of palantine bone?

A

Cleft palate

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22
Q

The base of the skull to the esophagus is called the?

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

The pharynx is divided into 3 namely?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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24
Q

The part of the pharynx behind the nose to the soft palate is called?

A

Nasopharynx

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25
The part of the pharynx behind the mouth, from the soft palate to the hyoid bone is called?
Oropharynx
26
The part of the pharynx from the hyoid bone to the esophagus is called the?
Laryngopharynx
27
The pharynx changes shape to allow for?
Vowel sounds
28
The larynx is also called the?
Voice box
29
The area from the root of the tongue to the upper end of the trachea is called?
Larynx
30
The larynx is made up of?
Cartilage
31
The larynx has 2 pairs of folds namely?
Vestibular (false vocal cords) | True vocal cords
32
The thyroid cartilage is also known as the?
Adam's apple(larger in males due to testosterone)
33
The epiglottis is a hatch on the trachea that___ when swallowing food
Closes the trachea
34
The trachea is also known as the?
Windpipe
35
The area from the larynx to the bronchi is called?
Trachea
36
The trachea consists of ____ and ____ of cartilage
smooth cartilage | C shaped rings
37
The cutting of an opening in the trachea to allow breathing is called?
Tracheostomy
38
The tubes that branch off trachea and enter into the lungs are called the?
Bronchi
39
Bronchi are ciliated because the cilia aid in
moving microbes and debris up and out of the airways
40
The 4 branches of the bronchi are?
Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi (lobar) Tertiary bronchi(segmental) Bronchioles
41
____ branch into microscopic alveolar ducts to terminate into alveolar sacs
Bronchioles
42
The ____ carry out gaseous exchange with blood
alveolar sacs
43
The lungs extend from the diaphragm to the?
Clavicles
44
The lungs are divided into lobes by?
Fissures
45
The right lung has ___ lobes and ____ fissures
3 lobes | 2 fissures
46
____ adheres to the lungs
Visceral pleura
47
The left lung has __ lobes and ___fissure
2 | 1
48
Inflammation of the pleural lining is called?
Pleurisy
49
In adults the trachea is ____ long and ____ wide
10-12cm | 1.6-2cm
50
The larynx is located at its _____end and bifurcates into 2 bronchi at its ____ end
Upper | Lower
51
There are ____ generations of branching in the bronchial tree
20-25(averagely 23)
52
The conducting zone is made up of?
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
53
The respiratory zone is made up of?
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
54
The bronchial/tracheobronchial tree is formed from the?
Division of the bronchi in the lungs into progressively narrower and thinner structures called the bronchioles
55
The bronchioles that occupy the 17th-19th generations of branching are called the?
Respiratory bronchioles
56
The smallest branching of the bronchi is called the?
Terminal bronchioles
57
The function of the first 16 generations of the bronchial tree is to?
Conduct air into and out of the lungs only
58
The respiratory bronchioles branch into?
Alveolar ducts
59
Alveolar ducts branch into?
Atria
60
Atria branch into the?
Alveolar sacs and the alveoli
61
The alveolar ducts to the alveoli occupy the last ____ generations of branching
4
62
The branches increase the cross-sectional area of the small airways from 2.5cm2 to ___ in the alveoli
11800cm2
63
The branches reduce the velocity of the air flow in them to?
Very low values
64
The functional divisions of the bronchial tree are divided into 3 namely?
Conduction zone Transition zone Respiratory zone
65
The zone that extends from the trachea down to the terminal bronchioles is called the?
Conduction zone
66
The conduction zone is also known as the?
Anatomical dead space
67
The conduction zone receives blood from the?
Bronchial artery
68
The zone that contains respiratory bronchioles, conducts air and allows some gaseous exchange is called?
Transition zone
69
Bronchioles that contain a few alveoli in their walls are called?
Respiratory bronchioles
70
The zone that contains the alveoli ducts, atria and sacs is called?
Respiratory zone(main site of gaseous exchange)
71
The Respiratory zone receives blood from the?
Pulmonary arteries
72
The walls of tracheobronchial tree contain_____ muscles
Smooth
73
Smooth muscle fibres relax and contract by ____&___ respectively
Sympathetic stimulation | Parasympathetic stimulation
74
Smooth muscle relaxation causes_____, while contraction causes ____
Bronchodilation | Bronchoconstriction
75
Four functions of the conducting zone are?
Phonation (larynx & vocal cords) Warming & humidifying inspired air Protection Air flow regulation
76
The lungs are separated by the?
Mediastinum
77
Two physical properties of the lungs are?
Compliance (Distensibility/stretchability) | Elasticity
78
Some pulmonary disorders are?
``` Dyspnea Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Emphysema Pulmonary fibrosis ```
79
The disruption of the structure of the lungs by accumulation of fibrous connective tissue proteins is called?
Pulmonary fibrosis
80
Obstructive air flow through the bronchioles caused by inflammation and mucus secretion is called?
Asthma
81
____ contributes to increased airway responsiveness to agents that promote bronchial constriction
Inflammation
82
Shortness of breath is called?
Dyspnea
83
A condition that involves damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung is called?
Emphysema
84
The space in the respiratory system occupied by gas that does not exchange with blood is called?
Respiratory dead space
85
The 3 types of respiratory dead space are?
Anatomical dead space Alveolar dead space Physiological dead space
86
The area in the respiratory system in which gas exchange doesn't normally occur is called?
Anatomical dead space
87
The anatomical dead space extends from the ____ to the ____
Nose to the respiratory bronchioles
88
The anatomical dead space normal volume is?
150ml
89
The area in the alveoli where no gas exchange occurs due to the blockage of their blood supply is called?
Alveolar dead space(it is normally absent/0)
90
The sum of both anatomical and alveolar dead spaces(area of wasted ventilation) is called?
Physiological dead space
91
Tendency to return to initial size after distention is called?
Elasticity
92
Force exerted by fluid in alveoli to resist distention is called?
Surface tension

Year Two (27 decks)

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