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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The process involved in the supply of the tissue cells with oxygen and the elimination of carbon(IV) oxide is called?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

During rest, a normal young adult consumes about___ of O2 and excretes ____ of CO2

A

250ml

200ml

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3
Q

The process of respiration is divided into 3 stages namely?

A

External respiration
Transport of gases
Internal respiration

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4
Q

External respiration entails?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

Pulmonary gas exchange

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5
Q

Transport of gases entails?

A

CO2 & O2

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6
Q

Internal respiration entails?

A

Tissue respiration

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7
Q

The uptake of O2 and removal of CO2 in and from the lungs respectively through pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange is called?

A

External respiration

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8
Q

The continuous inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs alveoli through inspiration and expiration is called?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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9
Q

O2 diffusion from the alveolar air into the alveolar capillary blood and CO2 in the opposite direction is called?

A

Pulmonary gas exchange

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10
Q

The transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissues and CO2 in the opposite direction is called?

A

Transport of gases

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11
Q

The utilisation of O2 and production of CO2 by the cells and the gaseous exchange between the cells and their fluid medium is called?

A

Internal respiration

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12
Q

Three structures of the respiratory system are?

A

Respiratory tract and the lungs
Thoracic cage and the respiratory muscles
Centres in the brain stem that control the respiratory muscles and the tracts and the nerves that connect them

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13
Q

The functions of the respiratory system are?

A 
Air distributor
Gas exchanger
Filters, warms and humidifies the air
Influences speech
Aids sense of smell
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14
Q

The two divisions of the respiratory tract are?

A

Upper respiratory tract (outside thorax)

Lower respiratory tract (within thorax)

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15
Q

The contents of the upper respiratory tract are?

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx

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16
Q

The contents of the lower respiratory tract are?

A

Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
Larynx

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17
Q

The nose ____ & ____ the air

A

Warm and moisten

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18
Q

The septum _____ the right & left nostrils

A

separates

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19
Q

The palantine bone _____ the nasal cavity from the mouth

A

separates

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20
Q

The sinuses are ____ in number and ____ weight of the skull

A

4

Lowers

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21
Q

Openings or splits in the roof of the mouth and lip caused by irregular formation of palantine bone?

A

Cleft palate

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22
Q

The base of the skull to the esophagus is called the?

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

The pharynx is divided into 3 namely?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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24
Q

The part of the pharynx behind the nose to the soft palate is called?

A

Nasopharynx

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25
Q

The part of the pharynx behind the mouth, from the soft palate to the hyoid bone is called?

A

Oropharynx

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26
Q

The part of the pharynx from the hyoid bone to the esophagus is called the?

A

Laryngopharynx

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27
Q

The pharynx changes shape to allow for?

A

Vowel sounds

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28
Q

The larynx is also called the?

A

Voice box

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29
Q

The area from the root of the tongue to the upper end of the trachea is called?

A

Larynx

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30
Q

The larynx is made up of?

A

Cartilage

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31
Q

The larynx has 2 pairs of folds namely?

A

Vestibular (false vocal cords)

True vocal cords

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32
Q

The thyroid cartilage is also known as the?

A

Adam’s apple(larger in males due to testosterone)

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33
Q

The epiglottis is a hatch on the trachea that___ when swallowing food

A

Closes the trachea

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34
Q

The trachea is also known as the?

A

Windpipe

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35
Q

The area from the larynx to the bronchi is called?

A

Trachea

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36
Q

The trachea consists of ____ and ____ of cartilage

A

smooth cartilage

C shaped rings

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37
Q

The cutting of an opening in the trachea to allow breathing is called?

A

Tracheostomy

38
Q

The tubes that branch off trachea and enter into the lungs are called the?

39
Q

Bronchi are ciliated because the cilia aid in

A

moving microbes and debris up and out of the airways

40
Q

The 4 branches of the bronchi are?

A

Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi (lobar)
Tertiary bronchi(segmental)
Bronchioles

41
Q

____ branch into microscopic alveolar ducts to terminate into alveolar sacs

A

Bronchioles

42
Q

The ____ carry out gaseous exchange with blood

A

alveolar sacs

43
Q

The lungs extend from the diaphragm to the?

44
Q

The lungs are divided into lobes by?

45
Q

The right lung has ___ lobes and ____ fissures

A

3 lobes

2 fissures

46
Q

____ adheres to the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

47
Q

The left lung has __ lobes and ___fissure

48
Q

Inflammation of the pleural lining is called?

49
Q

In adults the trachea is ____ long and ____ wide

A

10-12cm

1.6-2cm

50
Q

The larynx is located at its _____end and bifurcates into 2 bronchi at its ____ end

A

Upper

Lower

51
Q

There are ____ generations of branching in the bronchial tree

A

20-25(averagely 23)

52
Q

The conducting zone is made up of?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

53
Q

The respiratory zone is made up of?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

54
Q

The bronchial/tracheobronchial tree is formed from the?

A

Division of the bronchi in the lungs into progressively narrower and thinner structures called the bronchioles

55
Q

The bronchioles that occupy the 17th-19th generations of branching are called the?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

56
Q

The smallest branching of the bronchi is called the?

A

Terminal bronchioles

57
Q

The function of the first 16 generations of the bronchial tree is to?

A

Conduct air into and out of the lungs only

58
Q

The respiratory bronchioles branch into?

A

Alveolar ducts

59
Q

Alveolar ducts branch into?

60
Q

Atria branch into the?

A

Alveolar sacs and the alveoli

61
Q

The alveolar ducts to the alveoli occupy the last ____ generations of branching

62
Q

The branches increase the cross-sectional area of the small airways from 2.5cm2 to ___ in the alveoli

63
Q

The branches reduce the velocity of the air flow in them to?

A

Very low values

64
Q

The functional divisions of the bronchial tree are divided into 3 namely?

A

Conduction zone
Transition zone
Respiratory zone

65
Q

The zone that extends from the trachea down to the terminal bronchioles is called the?

A

Conduction zone

66
Q

The conduction zone is also known as the?

A

Anatomical dead space

67
Q

The conduction zone receives blood from the?

A

Bronchial artery

68
Q

The zone that contains respiratory bronchioles, conducts air and allows some gaseous exchange is called?

A

Transition zone

69
Q

Bronchioles that contain a few alveoli in their walls are called?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

70
Q

The zone that contains the alveoli ducts, atria and sacs is called?

A

Respiratory zone(main site of gaseous exchange)

71
Q

The Respiratory zone receives blood from the?

A

Pulmonary arteries

72
Q

The walls of tracheobronchial tree contain_____ muscles

73
Q

Smooth muscle fibres relax and contract by ____&___ respectively

A

Sympathetic stimulation

Parasympathetic stimulation

74
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation causes_____, while contraction causes ____

A

Bronchodilation

Bronchoconstriction

75
Q

Four functions of the conducting zone are?

A

Phonation (larynx & vocal cords)
Warming & humidifying inspired air
Protection
Air flow regulation

76
Q

The lungs are separated by the?

A

Mediastinum

77
Q

Two physical properties of the lungs are?

A

Compliance (Distensibility/stretchability)

Elasticity

78
Q

Some pulmonary disorders are?

A 
Dyspnea
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Asthma
Emphysema
Pulmonary fibrosis
79
Q

The disruption of the structure of the lungs by accumulation of fibrous connective tissue proteins is called?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

80
Q

Obstructive air flow through the bronchioles caused by inflammation and mucus secretion is called?

81
Q

____ contributes to increased airway responsiveness to agents that promote bronchial constriction

A

Inflammation

82
Q

Shortness of breath is called?

83
Q

A condition that involves damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung is called?

84
Q

The space in the respiratory system occupied by gas that does not exchange with blood is called?

A

Respiratory dead space

85
Q

The 3 types of respiratory dead space are?

A

Anatomical dead space
Alveolar dead space
Physiological dead space

86
Q

The area in the respiratory system in which gas exchange doesn’t normally occur is called?

A

Anatomical dead space

87
Q

The anatomical dead space extends from the ____ to the ____

A

Nose to the respiratory bronchioles

88
Q

The anatomical dead space normal volume is?

89
Q

The area in the alveoli where no gas exchange occurs due to the blockage of their blood supply is called?

A

Alveolar dead space(it is normally absent/0)

90
Q

The sum of both anatomical and alveolar dead spaces(area of wasted ventilation) is called?

A

Physiological dead space

91
Q

Tendency to return to initial size after distention is called?

A

Elasticity

92
Q

Force exerted by fluid in alveoli to resist distention is called?

A

Surface tension

Year Two (27 decks)

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