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Platelets Flashcards

1
Q

___ are small colourless and non-nucleated blood cells

A

Platelets

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2
Q

Platelets are ___ or ___ shaped when active

A

Spherical or Rod

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3
Q

Platelets are___ or ___ shaped when inactivated

A

Oval or Disc

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4
Q

Platelets are __ micrometers in diameter

A

1 to 4

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5
Q

Platelets have a life span of ____ days

A

8-12

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6
Q

___ is the production of platelets

A

Thrombopoiesis

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7
Q

Rate of platelet formation is stimulated by ____, ____, ____ & ____

A

Thrombopoeitin
Thrombocyte-stimulating factor
Interlukin-11 &
Multi_CSF

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8
Q

The platelet cell membrane is___ thick

A

6nm

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9
Q

Platelet cell membrane contains?

A

Lipids(phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol)
Carbohydrates(glycocalyx)
Proteins
Glycoproteins

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10
Q

Some functions of glycoproteins in platelet cell membrane are?

A

Forms a receptor for ADP and thrombin
Accelerates
the adherencee of platelets to collagen and damaged endothelium

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11
Q

Some functions of platelets are?

A

Transporting chemicals important to clotting
Blood clotting
Transports PAF & PDGF

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12
Q

____ is a biological process that stops bleeding

A

Blood clotting/coagulation

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13
Q

The functions of clotting are to?

A

Prevent us from bleeding to death

Protect us from the entry of bacteria and viruses

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14
Q

Clots are made from fibers of a protein called?

A

Fibrin

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15
Q

The process through which bleeding is stopped is called?

A

Haemostasis

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16
Q

The objects of haemostasis are to?

A

Maintain blood composition & fluidity
Restore normal vascular structure
Stem blood loss

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17
Q

Haemostasis is divided into?

A

Primary haemostasis
Secondary haemostasis
Tertiary haemostasis

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18
Q

Primary haemostasis is dependent on normal platelet ___ and ____

A

Number and function

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19
Q

___ is carried out during primary haemostasis

A

Platelet plug formation

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20
Q

The two processes carried out during secondary haemostasis are?

A

Activation of clotting cascade &

Deposition & Stabilization of Fibrin

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21
Q

Tertiary haemostasis is dependent on?

A

Plasminogen Activation

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22
Q

____ is carried out during tertiary haemostasis

A

Dissolution of Fibrin clot

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23
Q

The three mechanisms that work together to stop blood flow are?

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Blood clotting

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24
Q

____ of a damaged blood vessel slows blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction

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25
Vasoconstriction is mediated by?
Local controls | Systemic controls
26
Release of vasoconstrictors at the injury site like thromboxane is?
Local controls
27
Release of hormones like epinephrine from adrenal glands which stimulate vasoconstriction is?
Systemic controls
28
Platelet plug formation results from?
Platelet aggregation
29
In coagulation cascade, which clotting factors are found in the intrinsic system?
``` XII XI IX VIII X V II XIII IV I ```
30
In coagulation cascade, which clotting factors are found in the extrinsic system?
VII | III
31
Clotting factor 12 activates?
Clotting factor 12a
32
Clotting factor 12a activates?
Clotting factor 11
33
Clotting factor 11 activates?
Clotting factor 11a
34
Clotting factor 11a activates?
Clotting factor 9
35
Clotting factor 9 activates?
Clotting factor 9a and clotting factor 8a
36
Clotting factor 9a and clotting factor 8a together with clotting factors 7a & 3 from the extrinsic pathway activates?
clotting factor 10
37
clotting factor 10 activates?
clotting factor 10a and clotting factor 5a
38
clotting factor 10a and clotting factor 5a activates?
Clotting factor 2
39
Clotting factor 2 activates?
Thrombin
40
Thrombin activates?
Clotting factor 1 and clotting factor 13
41
clotting factor 13 activates?
Clotting factor 13a
42
Clotting factor 1 activates?
Fibrin
43
Clotting factor 13a and fibrin bring about?
A stable fibrin clot
44
Clotting factor 7 activates?
Clotting factor 7a & 3
45
Clotting factor 1 is also known as?
Fibrinogen
46
Clotting factor 2 is also known as?
Prothrombin
47
Clotting factor 3 is also known as?
Tissue factor[TF]/thromboplastin
48
Clotting factor 4 is also known as?
Ca2+
49
Clotting factor 5 is also known as?
Proaccelerin
50
Clotting factor 7 is also known as?
Proconvertin
51
Clotting factor 8 is also known as?
Antihemophilic A factor
52
Clotting factor 9 is also known as?
Antihemophilic B factor/Christmas factor
53
Clotting factor 10 is also known as?
Stuart or Stuart-Prower factor
54
Clotting factor 11 is also known as?
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
55
Clotting factor 12 is also known as?
Hageman factor/contact factor
56
Clotting factor 13 is also known as?
Fibrin stabilizing factor Prekallikrein factor High-molecular weight kininogen
57
The extrinsic pathway is triggered by?
Tissue factor (chemical released from damaged cells)
58
The intrinsic pathway is triggered by?
Blood coming into contact with collagen fibres in blood vessels
59
The intrinsic pathway is also called?
Contact activation pathway
60
The system whereby temporary fibrin clots are systematically and gradually dissolved as the blood vessel heals is called?
Fibrinolysis
61
Inactive plasminogen is converted to active ___ in fibrinolysis
Plasmin
62
____ breaks down fibrin clots
Plasmin
63
The function of fibrinolysis is to prevent?
Occlusion of blood vessels
64
Physiologic inhibitors of coagulation are?
Antithrombin III Activated Protein C + Protein S(inactivates factors Va & VIIIa) via proteolysis Thrombomodulin(glycoprotein) etc
65
Thrombomodulin(glycoprotein) binds to ___, decreases ability to produce ___ and increases ability to activate ___
Thrombin Fibrin Protein C
66
Three bleeding disorders causes are?
Haemophilia A Haemophilia B Vitamin K Deficiency
67
Haemophilia A and B are ___ disorders, limited to males
X-linked
68
Vitamin K is essential to the maturation of several clotting factors like?
Clotting factor 10 and 2
69
Bleeding disorders are diagnosed by?
Clotting time Bleeding time Platelet count Platelet aggregation studied

Year Two (27 decks)

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