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Year Two > Platelets > Flashcards

Platelets Flashcards

1
Q

___ are small colourless and non-nucleated blood cells

A

Platelets

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2
Q

Platelets are ___ or ___ shaped when active

A

Spherical or Rod

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3
Q

Platelets are___ or ___ shaped when inactivated

A

Oval or Disc

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4
Q

Platelets are __ micrometers in diameter

A

1 to 4

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5
Q

Platelets have a life span of ____ days

A

8-12

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6
Q

___ is the production of platelets

A

Thrombopoiesis

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7
Q

Rate of platelet formation is stimulated by ____, ____, ____ & ____

A

Thrombopoeitin
Thrombocyte-stimulating factor
Interlukin-11 &
Multi_CSF

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8
Q

The platelet cell membrane is___ thick

A

6nm

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9
Q

Platelet cell membrane contains?

A

Lipids(phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol)
Carbohydrates(glycocalyx)
Proteins
Glycoproteins

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10
Q

Some functions of glycoproteins in platelet cell membrane are?

A

Forms a receptor for ADP and thrombin
Accelerates
the adherencee of platelets to collagen and damaged endothelium

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11
Q

Some functions of platelets are?

A

Transporting chemicals important to clotting
Blood clotting
Transports PAF & PDGF

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12
Q

____ is a biological process that stops bleeding

A

Blood clotting/coagulation

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13
Q

The functions of clotting are to?

A

Prevent us from bleeding to death

Protect us from the entry of bacteria and viruses

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14
Q

Clots are made from fibers of a protein called?

A

Fibrin

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15
Q

The process through which bleeding is stopped is called?

A

Haemostasis

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16
Q

The objects of haemostasis are to?

A

Maintain blood composition & fluidity
Restore normal vascular structure
Stem blood loss

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17
Q

Haemostasis is divided into?

A

Primary haemostasis
Secondary haemostasis
Tertiary haemostasis

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18
Q

Primary haemostasis is dependent on normal platelet ___ and ____

A

Number and function

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19
Q

___ is carried out during primary haemostasis

A

Platelet plug formation

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20
Q

The two processes carried out during secondary haemostasis are?

A

Activation of clotting cascade &

Deposition & Stabilization of Fibrin

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21
Q

Tertiary haemostasis is dependent on?

A

Plasminogen Activation

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22
Q

____ is carried out during tertiary haemostasis

A

Dissolution of Fibrin clot

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23
Q

The three mechanisms that work together to stop blood flow are?

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Blood clotting

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24
Q

____ of a damaged blood vessel slows blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction

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25
Q

Vasoconstriction is mediated by?

A

Local controls

Systemic controls

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26
Q

Release of vasoconstrictors at the injury site like thromboxane is?

A

Local controls

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27
Q

Release of hormones like epinephrine from adrenal glands which stimulate vasoconstriction is?

A

Systemic controls

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28
Q

Platelet plug formation results from?

A

Platelet aggregation

29
Q

In coagulation cascade, which clotting factors are found in the intrinsic system?

A 
XII
XI
IX
VIII
X
V
II
XIII
IV
I
30
Q

In coagulation cascade, which clotting factors are found in the extrinsic system?

A

VII

III

31
Q

Clotting factor 12 activates?

A

Clotting factor 12a

32
Q

Clotting factor 12a activates?

A

Clotting factor 11

33
Q

Clotting factor 11 activates?

A

Clotting factor 11a

34
Q

Clotting factor 11a activates?

A

Clotting factor 9

35
Q

Clotting factor 9 activates?

A

Clotting factor 9a and clotting factor 8a

36
Q

Clotting factor 9a and clotting factor 8a together with clotting factors 7a & 3 from the extrinsic pathway activates?

A

clotting factor 10

37
Q

clotting factor 10 activates?

A

clotting factor 10a and clotting factor 5a

38
Q

clotting factor 10a and clotting factor 5a activates?

A

Clotting factor 2

39
Q

Clotting factor 2 activates?

A

Thrombin

40
Q

Thrombin activates?

A

Clotting factor 1 and clotting factor 13

41
Q

clotting factor 13 activates?

A

Clotting factor 13a

42
Q

Clotting factor 1 activates?

A

Fibrin

43
Q

Clotting factor 13a and fibrin bring about?

A

A stable fibrin clot

44
Q

Clotting factor 7 activates?

A

Clotting factor 7a & 3

45
Q

Clotting factor 1 is also known as?

A

Fibrinogen

46
Q

Clotting factor 2 is also known as?

A

Prothrombin

47
Q

Clotting factor 3 is also known as?

A

Tissue factor[TF]/thromboplastin

48
Q

Clotting factor 4 is also known as?

A

Ca2+

49
Q

Clotting factor 5 is also known as?

A

Proaccelerin

50
Q

Clotting factor 7 is also known as?

A

Proconvertin

51
Q

Clotting factor 8 is also known as?

A

Antihemophilic A factor

52
Q

Clotting factor 9 is also known as?

A

Antihemophilic B factor/Christmas factor

53
Q

Clotting factor 10 is also known as?

A

Stuart or Stuart-Prower factor

54
Q

Clotting factor 11 is also known as?

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

55
Q

Clotting factor 12 is also known as?

A

Hageman factor/contact factor

56
Q

Clotting factor 13 is also known as?

A

Fibrin stabilizing factor
Prekallikrein factor
High-molecular weight kininogen

57
Q

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by?

A

Tissue factor (chemical released from damaged cells)

58
Q

The intrinsic pathway is triggered by?

A

Blood coming into contact with collagen fibres in blood vessels

59
Q

The intrinsic pathway is also called?

A

Contact activation pathway

60
Q

The system whereby temporary fibrin clots are systematically and gradually dissolved as the blood vessel heals is called?

A

Fibrinolysis

61
Q

Inactive plasminogen is converted to active ___ in fibrinolysis

A

Plasmin

62
Q

____ breaks down fibrin clots

A

Plasmin

63
Q

The function of fibrinolysis is to prevent?

A

Occlusion of blood vessels

64
Q

Physiologic inhibitors of coagulation are?

A

Antithrombin III
Activated Protein C + Protein S(inactivates factors Va & VIIIa) via proteolysis
Thrombomodulin(glycoprotein) etc

65
Q

Thrombomodulin(glycoprotein) binds to ___, decreases ability to produce ___ and increases ability to activate ___

A

Thrombin
Fibrin
Protein C

66
Q

Three bleeding disorders causes are?

A

Haemophilia A
Haemophilia B
Vitamin K Deficiency

67
Q

Haemophilia A and B are ___ disorders, limited to males

A

X-linked

68
Q

Vitamin K is essential to the maturation of several clotting factors like?

A

Clotting factor 10 and 2

69
Q

Bleeding disorders are diagnosed by?

A

Clotting time
Bleeding time
Platelet count
Platelet aggregation studied

Year Two (27 decks)

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