Cell Cycle Flashcards
In human cells, there are ___ chromosomes
46
There are ___ homologous pairs, called the autosomes
22
There are ___ sex chromosomes
2
___ is the female sex chromosomes
XX
___ is the male sex chromosomes
XY
Germ cells or sex cells consist of __ & __?
Sperm &
Oocyte (ovum)
Non-germ cells are called?
Somatic cells
The sequence of events that controls cell growth and division is called?
Cell cycle
The period of time it takes for a cell to complete one cell division is called?
Cell cycle
The cell cycle is divided into four phases namely?
G0
Gap 1(G1)
Synthesis (S)
Gap 2(G2)
How many checkpoints are in the cell cycle?
Three
The G1/S checkpoint ensures?
Cell nutrition, size and environment are favourable
DNA is intact
G2/M checkpoint ensures?
DNA is completely replicated
Metaphase/Anaphase checkpoint ensures?
DNA is intact
Chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle
The G1/S checkpoint prepares for?
DNA replication and entering of S phase
G2/M checkpoint prepares the cell for?
Mitosis
Metaphase/Anaphase checkpoint prepares?
Cytokinesis
G1, S & G2 phases are collectively referred to as?
Interface
Three characteristics of G1 phase are?
Longest part of the cycle
Active RNA & protein synthesis
Cell volume is restored to its original size
Three properties of S phase are?
DNA replication
Histone synthesis
Centrosome duplication
One property of G2 phase is?
Proteins required for mitosis accumulate
Three properties of G0 phase are?
Prolonged non-dividing phase
Differentiated & specialized cells
Temporarily or permanently suspended cell cycle activities
The cell cycle checkpoints are regulated by cytoplasmic proteins called?
Cyclins
Cyclins activate?
Cyclin-dependent kinases(CDK’s)
CDK’s initiate/induce progression through the?
Cell cycle
Progression through the cell cycle is halted by adverse conditions like?
Inadequate nutrition
Inappropriate cellular microenvironments
DNA damage