Blood Group System Flashcards
____ discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901
Landsteiners
In Landsteiners law, if an ____ is present on a patient’s red blood cells, the corresponding _____ will not be present in the patient’s plasma, under normal conditions
antigen(Ag)
Antibody (Ab)
At least ___ commonly occuring antigens have been found on the cell membrane of RBC’s
300
The basis of blood grouping depends on?
Multiplicity of Antigens in the blood cells
The two groups or systems of antigens that cause transfusion reactions more than others are?
ABO system
Rh system
Naturally occurring antibodies are what class?
IgM class
IgM antibodies class, are antibodies capable of?
Agglutination
Almost all normal healthy individuals above 3-6 months of age have naturally occurring antibodies to?
The ABO antigens that they lack
An individual inherits ___ ABO gene from ___ parent which determine their antigens
One
Each
A heterozygous individual will have what types of genes?
AO
BO
A homozygous individual will have what types of genes?
AA
BB
Phenotype is the actual expression of the?
Genotype
Genotype is the actual ___ which can only be determined by family studies
Inherited genes
The possible offspring of two homozygous A parents are?
AA
The possible offspring of two heterozygous A parents are?
AA
AO
OO
The possible offspring of one heterozygous A parent and one homozygous A parent are?
AA
AO
The possible offspring of one heterozygous B parent and one homozygous B parent are?
BB
BO
The possible offspring of two heterozygous B parents are?
BB
BO
OO
The possible offspring of two homozygous B parents are?
BB
The relative frequency of O blood group is?
47%
The relative frequency of A blood group is?
41%
The relative frequency of B blood group is?
9%
The relative frequency of AB blood group is?
3%
Group O has ___ antibodies with ___ antigens present
A and B
O
Group A has ___ antibodies with no ___ antigens present
B
Group B has ___ antibodies with no ___ antigens present
A
Group AB has ___ antibodies with ___ antigens present
No ABO
A and B
Group O is also known as?
Universal donnor
Group AB is also known as the?
Universal recipient
There are more than ___ different Rh antigens
50
Rh system was identified by ___ in 1940
Landsteiner and Weiner
The presence and absence of Rh antigen D on RBCs is referred to as?
D positive and D negative respectively
Four additional Rh antigens are?
C
c
E
e
Some blood transfusion reactions are?
Acute Delayed Iron overload Alloimmunization Non-immune haemolysis Hypotensive reactions Acute pain reaction
Acute Blood transfusion reactions are caused by?
ABO incompatibility
An Acute Blood transfusion reaction symptom is?
Intravascular haemolysis
Delayed blood transfusion reaction is mostly caused by?
Rh problems
A Delayed blood transfusion reaction symptom is
Extravascular haemolysis but may be intravascular
