Middle Mediastinum, Pericardium, Heart Flashcards
1
Q
The inter-pleural space in the thorax is called the?
A
Mediastinum
2
Q
The mediastinum is bounded laterally by?
A
Pleural cavities
3
Q
The mediastinum is bounded anteriorly by?
A
Sternum and transverses thoracis muscles
4
Q
The mediastinum is bounded posteriorly by?
A
Vertebral column
5
Q
The mediastinum is bounded caudally by?
A
Diaphragm
6
Q
The two divisions of the mediastinum are?
A
Superior
Inferior
7
Q
The inferior mediastinum is further divided into?
A
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
8
Q
The anterior border of the middle mediastinum is?
A
Anterior margin of pericardium
9
Q
The posterior border of the middle mediastinum is?
A
Posterior margin of pericardium
10
Q
The lateral border of the middle mediastinum is?
A
Mediastinal pleura of the lungs
11
Q
The superior border of the middle mediastinum is?
A
Imaginary line between sternal angle and T4 vertebrate
12
Q
The inferior border of the middle mediastinum is?
A
Superior surface of the diaphragm
13
Q
The contents of the superior mediastinum are?
A
Superior thoracic inlet Sternal angle of Louis Great vessels Ligaments arteries Cardiac plexus Trachea Phrenic nerve
14
Q
The contents of the anterior mediastinum are?
A
Pericardium Sternum Thymus Lymph nodes Branches of the internal thoracic vessels
15
Q
The contents of the posterior mediastinum are?
A
Posterior part of the pericardium and vertebrae(T4-T12)
Thoracic aorta
Oesophagus
Continuous with the superior mediastinum
16
Q
The space bounded by the anterior and posterior parts of the pericardium is called?
A
Middle mediastinum
17
Q
The contents of the middle mediastinum are?
A
Heart Phrenic nerve Pericardium Roots of the great vessels Arch of the azygos vein Main bronchi
18
Q
The great vessels are the?
A
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Vena cavae
19
Q
A fibroserous membrane that encloses the heart and other aspects of the great vessels is called?
A
Pericardium
20
Q
Pericardium is divided into?
A
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
21
Q
The pericardium that is continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm and blends with the adventitia of the great vessels roots is called
A
Fibrous pericardium
22
Q
The pericardium that is further divided into parietal and visceral layer is called?
A
Serous pericardium
23
Q
The two layers of the pericardium are divided by two sinuses called the?
A
Transverse
Oblique
24
Q
The fibrous pericardium is attached anteriorly to the __1__ by __2__
A
- Posterior surface of the sternum
2. Sternopericardial ligaments
25
The function of Sternopericardial ligaments is to?
Retain the heart in its position in the thoracic cavity
26
The fibrous pericardium is supplied by the?
Pericardiacophrenic branches of the ITA
Thoracic aorta
Bronchial and oesophageal arteries
Musculophrenic branches of the ITA
27
The arterial supply for the serous pericardium is the?
```
Pericardiacophrenic
Thoracic aorta
Bronchial and oesophageal arteries
Musculophrenic
Inferior phrenic arteries
```
28
The nerve supply of the serous pericardium are the?
Vasomotor and sensory fibres from the phrenic and vagus nerves and sympathetic trunk
29
The potential space between the visceral and parietal layer of the serous pericardium is the?
Pericardial cavity
30
The transverse sinus lies posteriorly to the?
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
31
The transverse sinus lies anteriorly to the?
SVC
32
The transverse sinus lies superior to the?
Left atrium
| Pulmonary veins
33
The oblique sinus is surrounded by the reflection of the?
Serous pericardium around the right and left pulmonary veins and IVC
34
The pericardial sinuses are subdivisions of the?
Pericardial sac
35
The fibrous pericardium's nerve supply by the?
Phrenic nerve
36
The venous drainage of the pericardium is the?
Azygos venous system
37
Four clinical correlates of pericardium are?
Pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial effusion
Pericardiocentesis
38
An inflammation of the pericardium, which may result in cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, pericardial murmur and precordial and epigastric pain is called?
Pericarditis
39
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle is called?
Heart attack(myocardial infarction)
40
Sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness is called?
Cardiac arrest
41
Pericardial murmur or pericardial friction rub sounds like__1__ which can be heard on __2__
1. The rustle of silk
| 2. auscultation
42
An Acute compression of the heart caused by accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial cavity from wounds to the heart is called?
Cardiac tamponade
43
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space resulting from inflammation caused by acute pericarditis is called?
Pericardial effusion
44
A surgical puncture of the pericardial cavity to remove excess fluid using a syringe is called?
Pericardiocentesis
45
In pericardiocentesis the needle misses the lungs and pluera, but penetrates the pericardium because of the?
Cardiac notch
46
A mixed motor/sensory nerve which originates from the ventral Rami of C3-C5 is called?
Phrenic nerve
47
The two branches of the phrenic nerve are the?
Right phrenic nerve
| Left phrenic nerve
48
The phrenic nerve supplies the?
Diaphragm
49
The heart is _____ in shape
Trapezoidal
50
The heart lies ____ in the middle mediastinum of the thorax
Obliquely
51
The heart is the size of a ____
Cupped fist
52
The weight of the heart in men is?
300-350g
53
The weight of the heart in women is?
250-300g
54
The four chambers of the heart are the?
Left and right atria
| Left and right ventricles
55
The muscular pump responsible for blood circulation is called?
The heart
56
The heart has ____ borders
4
57
The right border of the heart is the?
Right atrium
58
The left border of the heart is the?
Mainly the left ventricle
| Partly the auricular appendage of the left atrium
59
The inferior border of the heart is the?
Mainly by the right ventricle
| Partly by the lower part of the right atrium and thee apex of the left ventricle
60
The heart has five surfaces namely?
```
Anterior
Inferior
Posterior
Right pulmonary surface
Left pulmonary surface
```
61
Anterior (or sternocostal) surface of the heart is the?
Right ventricle.
62
Posterior (or base) surface of the heart is called the?
Left atrium.
63
Inferior (or diaphragmatic) surface of the heart is the?
Left and right ventricles.
64
Right pulmonary surface of the heart is the?
Right atrium
65
Left pulmonary surface of the heart is the?
Left ventricle
66
Right border of the heart is the?
Right atrium
67
Inferior border of the heart is the?
Left ventricle and right ventricle
68
Left border of the heart is the?
Left ventricle (and some of the left atrium)
69
Superior border of the heart is the?
Right and left atrium and the great vessels
70
The sulci of the heart are divided into two namely?
The coronary sulcus (external)
| Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
71
The sulcus that separates the atria from the ventricles is the?
Coronary sulcus
72
The contents of the coronary sulcus are the?
Right coronary artery
Small cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
73
The sulci that separate the two ventricles on the anterior and diaphragmatic (inferior) surface respectively is called?
Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
74
The contents of the anterior interventricular sulcus are the?
Anterior interventricular artery
| Middle cardiac vein
75
The contents of the posterior interventricular sulcus are the?
Posterior interventricular artery
| Middle cardiac vein
76
One third of the heart lies to the right of the?
Midline
77
The right border of the heart extends from the right __1___ to the right __2__
1. 3rd costal cartilage
| 2. 6th costal cartilage
78
The inferior border of the heart extends from the right __1__ to the left __2__
1. 6th costal cartilage
| 2. 5th intercostal space also forming the apex
79
The apex of the heart is formed by the?
Inferolateral part of the Left Ventricle
80
The apex of the heart lies posteriorly on the surface of the?
5th intercostal space and mid clavicular line
81
The mitral valve closure (HS1) is loudest at the?
Apex of the heart
82
The base of the heart is formed by the?
Right atrium
83
The base of the heart receives the?
Superior Vena Cava
| Inferior Vena Cava
84
The base of the heart is the posterior aspect of the heart bordering the?
Bodies of the vertebrae T6-T9
85
The right atrium receives blood from the whole body except the?
Pulmonary veins
86
The right atrium is __1__ than the left atrium, buy has a __2__ wall
1. Larger
| 2. Thinner
87
The right atrium has __1__ anteriorly and a __2__ posteriorly
1. Rough wall
| 2. Smooth wall
88
The anterior rough wall is made up of the?
Atrium proper
Auricle
Pectinate muscles
89
The posterior smooth wall is made up of the?
Sinus venarum
| Superior and inferior Vena Cava
90
The right atrium contains the ___1__ of the IVC and the __2__ of the coronary sinus
1. Eustachian valve
| 2. Thebesian valve
91
The features of the right atrium are?
```
Right auricle
Sinus venarum(Sinus venarum cavarum)
Pectinate muscles
Crista terminalis
Fossa ovalis
Venae cordis minimae
```
92
A conical muscular pouch of the upper anterior portion of the right atrium that covers the first part of the right coronary artery is called?
Right auricle
93
A smooth wall posteriorly separated from the muscular atrium by the crista terminalis is called?
Sinus venarum
94
Prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located in the interior of both auricles and the right atrium is called?
Pectinate muscles
95
A vertical muscular ridge that separates the sinus venarum from the right atrium proper is called?
Crista terminalis (provides the origin for the pectinate muscles)
96
The smallest cardiac veins are called?
Venae cordis minimae
97
An oval shaped depression in the inter atrial septum is called?
Fossa ovalis
98
The sulcus terminalis marks the?
Vena Cava
99
The left atrium has ___ walls than the right atrium
Thicker
100
The left atrium has ___ walls
Smooth
101
The left atrium is the most ____ of the four chambers
Posterior
102
The left atrium lies __1__ to the right atrium and__2__ to the oesophagus
1. Posterior
| 2. Anterior
103
The left and right _____ enter the left atrium witj oxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins
104
The left atrium empties blood into the left ventricle via a ____
Bicuspid(mitral) valve
105
The right ventricle makes up the major portion of the ____ of the heart
Anterior(sternocostal) surface
106
The features of the right ventricle are?
```
Trabeculae carneae cordis
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
Conus arteriosus(infundibulum)
Interventricular septum
Septomarginal trabecula(moderator band)
```
107
Anastomosing muscular ridges of myocardium in the ventricles are?
Trabeculae carneae cordis
108
Cone shaped muscles enveloped by the endocardium are?
Papillary muscles
109
Extension from one papillary muscles to more than one cusp of the tricuspid valve is called?
Chordae tendineae
110
The upper smooth walled portion of the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary trunk is called?
Conus arteriosus(infundibulum)
