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Year Two > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The four basic types of tissues are?

A

Epithelium tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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2
Q

Connective tissue is composed of_____ &______?

A

Cells(fibroblasts etc)
Fibers
Ground substance (extracellular matrix)

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3
Q

Three functions of connective tissue are?

A

Architectural framework of the body.
Bind together and provide mechanical support for other tissue
Inflammatory response/wound repair

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4
Q

The common origin for all connective tissue is called?

A

Mesenchyme

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5
Q

All connective tissue have common ____, ____& _____

A

Origin
Structure
Function

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6
Q

Mesenchyme consists of?

A

Reticular fibers
Cells
Ground substance

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7
Q

Connective tissue is classified into _____&_____?

A

Connective tissue proper

Specialized connective tissue

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8
Q

Connective tissue proper is divided into_____&_____?

A

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue

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9
Q

Loose connective tissue is divided into____&____?

A

Areolar tissue

Adipose tissue

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10
Q

Dense connective tissue is divided into_____&_____?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

Dense regular connective tissue is divided into____&____?

A

White fibrous connective tissue

Yellow elastic connective tissue

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12
Q

White fibrous connective tissue is divided into____&____?

A

Cord(tendon)

Sheet

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13
Q

Yellow elastic connective tissue is divided into___&___?

A

Cord(ligament)

Sheet

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14
Q

Specialized connective tissue is divided into___,___,___,___&___

A 
Skeletal tissues
Vascular tissues
Reticular connective tissue
Pigmented connective tissue
Mucous connective tissue
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15
Q

Vascular tissue is divided into___&___?

A

Blood

Lymph

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16
Q

Skeletal tissue is divided into____&____?

A

Cartilage

Bone

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17
Q

Cartilage is divided into____, ____&___?

A

Hyaline
Fibrous
Calcified

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18
Q

Bone is divided into____&___?

A

Compact

Spongy

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19
Q

Loose connective tissue has predominance of?

A

Ground substance

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20
Q

Dense connective tissue has predominance of?

A

Fibers

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21
Q

Dense regular connective tissue fibers form?

A

Parallel bundles

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22
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue fibers are?

A

Disordered

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23
Q

Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of?

A

Fibers(collagen reticular & elastic)

Ground substance

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24
Q

Connective tissue cells are divided into___&___?

A

Fixed

Free

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25
Fixed connective tissue cells are?
Fibroblasts Adipocytes Tissue macrophages Mast cells
26
Free connective tissue cells are?
``` Immune cells(lymphocytes & plasma cells) Inflammatory cells(neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils & activated macrophages) ```
27
Fibers in connective tissue are___, ___&___?
Collagen Reticular fibers Elastic fibers
28
Collagen is the most abundant____ in the human body
Protein(30% of dry weight)
29
Collagen fibers are divided into___&___?
Fibril-forming or fibril-associated | Cross-linked networks
30
Fibril-forming or fibril-associated are found in?
``` Skin Tendon Cartilage Bone Dentin Blood vessels ```
31
Cross-linked networks are found in?
Basement membranes
32
Reticular fibers are a specialized type of _____
Collagen(type III; reticulin)
33
Reticular fibers are found in?
``` Smooth muscle Lymphatic stroma Haematopoietic organs Liver Spleen Uterus ```
34
Elastic fibers are thin fibers or fenestrated sheets composed of_____&_____
Various glycoproteins | Elastin(protein)
35
Elastic fibers are found in tissues that experience repeated deformation like?
``` Skin Blood vessels Lung Bladder Ligaments ```
36
The word "reticular" means?
Network
37
Collagen fibers are found in all_____
Connective tissues(most abundant)
38
Elastic fibers are produced by?
Smooth muscle cells
39
The colour of collagen fibers when stained by H&E is
Orange/pink
40
The colour of collagen fibers when stained by Trichrome is
Blue/green
41
Reticular fibers don't form?
Fiber bundles
42
Reticular fibers are stained with?
Silver impregnation
43
Reticular fibers form a?
Delicate supporting framework for highly cellular tissues like spleen, bone marrow etc
44
Reticular fibers are thinner than?
Type I collagen
45
Reticular fibers are composed of?
Type III collagen
46
Type III fibrils have a diameter of?
30-40nm
47
Type I fibrils have a diameter of?
~200nm
48
Three clinical disorders resulting from collagen synthesis defects are?
Type 1 Osteogenesis imperfecta Type 3 Ehlers-Danlos(type IV) Multiple Scurvy
49
Symptoms of Osteogenesis imperfecta are
Spontaneous fractures Progressive hearing loss Cardiac insufficiency
50
Symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos are?
Hypermobility of digits Hyperextensible skin Early morbidity/mortality from aorta or intestine rupture
51
Symptoms of scurvy are?
Ulceration of gums | Hemorrhages
52
Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused mostly by
Deletions of all or part of the collagen alpha 1 gene | Mutations involving glycine
53
Glycine is present at every third position in order for the _____ to form
Collagen triple helix
54
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes is a series of genetic disease caused by?
Faulty assembly of collagen (lysyl hydroxylase deficiency)
55
Non collagen components of the extracellular matrix are?
Elastin | Ground substance
56
Ground substance contains____,____&___
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) Proteoglycans Multiadhesive matrix proteins (laminin & fibronectin)
57
Elastic fibers are stained with?
Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin or aldehyde-fuchsin(purple/black) | H&E(glassy red)
58
Elastin is rich in?
Glycine Proline Desmosine and isodesmosine Contains little or no hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine
59
Desmosine and isodesmosine are thought to?
Cross-link the molecules into a network of randomly coiled chains
60
Marfan syndrome is a defect in?
Elastic fiber synthesis
61
Marfan syndrome causes?
``` Cardiovascular complications(aneurism, valve prolapse) Skeletal defects(bones are longer and thinner than usual) Reduced elasticity in skin and lungs ```
62
Three properties of GAG's are?
Linear(unbranched) polysaccharides Very hydrophilic due to abundant anions Usually bound covalently to protein core as proteoglycan, except hyaluronic acid
63
Examples of GAG'S are?
Hyaluronic acid Heparan sulfate Keratan sulfate Condroitin sulfate
64
Two functions of proteoglycans are?
Core proteins+GAG side chains(like a bottle brush) | Bind cells, other proteins and ECM components
65
Two functions of multiadhesive glycoproteins are?
Small glycosylated proteins containing numerous binding sites to cells, signaling molecules and other ECM components Important for the adhesion of epithelial cells to the basal lamina via transmembrane integrin receptors
66
Five functions of basement membrane are?
``` Tissue scaffolding Filtration Compartmentalization Structural attachment Polarity induction ```
67
PAS(periodic acid Schiff) stains complex carbohydrates and proteoglycans______?
Magenta
68
Trachea when stained with H&E is?
Pink
69
The most common cells in connective tissue are?
Fibroblasts
70
Four functions of fibroblasts are?
Synthesize growth factors Synthesize and secrete components of the ECM Aid in the process of wound healing Active & quiescent stages
71
Myofibroblasts are important for?
Wound contraction
72
Leptin regulates ____?
Sateity
73
Angiotensinogin regulates____?
Blood pressure
74
Steroids regulates___?
Sex hormones | Glucocorticoids
75
Mitochondria in brown adipose tissue produces ____ rather than ATP
Heat
76
Monocytes differentiate into ______ after escaping from blood vessels
Macrophages
77
Primary function of Monocytes is____&____
Phagocytosis | Antigen presentation
78
Plasma cells are mature _____
B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies
79
Mast cells primary function is?
Secretory granules storage | Regulated release of histamine and other vasoactive mediators of inflammation
80
Metachromasia when stained with toluidine blue, the granules bind to the dye and change to___?
Red
81
Mast cells are responsible for the immediate _____ response characteristic of allergies, asthma etc
Hypersensitivity
82
Connective tissue mast cells are found in?
Dermis of skin Peritoneal cavity Mucosa of the digestive and respiratory tracts
83
Mast cells are derived from the German word "Maesten" meaning?
Fattened
84
Loose connective tissue is not very resistant to?
Stress
85
Dense regular connective tissue resists?
Linear mechanical stress
86
Dense irregular connective tissue resists?
Multi-directional forces

Year Two (27 decks)

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