Immunity

Question 1

Immunity is gotten from the Latin word?

Answer 1

Immunis

Question 2

Immunis means?

Answer 2

State of protection from infectious disease

Question 3

The body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells is called?

Answer 3

Immunity

Question 4

Four activities of immunity are?

Answer 4

Defense against invading pathogens eg viruses
Removal of worn out cells and tissue debris eg old RBCs
Identification and destruction of abnormal or mutant cells eg cancer
Rejection of foreign cells eg organ transplant

Question 5

Four characteristics of immunity are?

Answer 5

Response is specific
Recognition of self Vs non self
Involves lymphocytes and antibodies
Can respond to many different materials

Question 6

The two types of body defense against infection are?

Answer 6

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Question 7

The body defense that refers to the inborn ability of the body to resist disease and is genetically transmitted from generation to generation is called?

Answer 7

Innate immunity

Question 8

Innate immunity is also known as?

Answer 8

Non specific or natural immunity

Question 9

Innate immunity offers resistance to____ encountered by the host

Answer 9

Any microorganism or foreign material

Question 10

Some mechanisms of Innate immunity are?

Answer 10

WBC and microphages
Acid secretion of GIT and digestive enzymes
Lysozyme
Complement complex
Natural killer cells

Question 11

The body defense system that uses highly specialised systemic cells and processes to eliminate or prevent pathogenic growth is called?

Answer 11

Adaptive immunity

Question 12

Adaptive immunity is also known as?

Answer 12

Second line of response or specific immune system

Question 13

The mechanism of adaptive immunity are?

Answer 13

T and B lymphocytes

Question 14

Adaptive immunity relies on___ that adapt after infection

Answer 14

Mechanisms

Question 15

Adaptive immunity is divided into?

Answer 15

Active immunity

Passive immunity

Question 16

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system is called?

Answer 16

Active immunity

Question 17

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through disease is called?

Answer 17

Natural active immunity

Question 18

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through vaccination is called?

Answer 18

Artificial active immunity

Question 19

Examples of vaccines include?

Answer 19

Inactivated toxins

Killed microbes etc

Question 20

Active immunity is usually?

Answer 20

Permanent

Question 21

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal is called?

Answer 21

Passive immunity

Question 22

Passive immunity is usually?

Answer 22

Effective, but temporary

Question 23

An example of passive immunity is?

Answer 23

Maternal antibodies

Question 24

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being is called?

Answer 24

Natural passive immunity

Question 25

An example of natural passive immunity is?

Answer 25

mother to child across the placenta or in breast milk

Question 26

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal which is injected is called?

Answer 26

Artificial passive immunity

Question 27

Immunity that involves antibodies secreted from B cells that are dissolved in the blood plasma is called?

Answer 27

Humoral immunity

Question 28

Humoral immunity is demonstrated as an immune response using?

Answer 28

Blood serum

Question 29

Once B cells are activated by antigen, they proliferate into____&____

Answer 29

Plasma cells that secrete antibodies | Memory cells that may be converted into plasma cells at a later time

Question 30

Immunity involved with the activities of specific white blood cells(T cells) is called?

Answer 30

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 31

Cell-mediated immunity is also known as?

Answer 31

Cellular immunity

Question 32

B cells mature in the___ while T cells mature in the___

Answer 32

Bone marrow | Thymus

Question 33

Four types of T cells are?

Answer 33

Cytotoxic T cells Helper T cells Suppressor T cells Memory T cells

Question 34

Three characteristics of innate immunity are?

Answer 34

No time lag Not antigen specific No memory

Question 35

Three characteristics of adaptive immunity are?

Answer 35

A lag period Antigen specific Development of memory

Question 36

Natural killer cells are defined as?

Answer 36

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL)

Question 37

Natural killer cells are important in?

Answer 37

Innate immune system

Question 38

Natural killer cells attack?

Answer 38

Cancer cells | Intracellular pathogens

Question 39

B cells and T cells attack___& ___ respectively

Answer 39

Intracellular pathogens | Cancer cells

Question 40

A collective term that describes a system of about 20 precursor proteins is called?

Answer 40

Complement system

Question 41

Four functions of complement system are?

Answer 41

Anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a Opsonization: C3b, C3bi, C3d Membrane attack complex: C5b-C9 Smooth muscle contraction

Question 42

Membrane attack complex is also know as?

Answer 42

Cell lysis

Question 43

Some processes of smooth muscle contraction are?

Answer 43

Mast cell degranulation mediator release eg histamine Vascular changes eg edema Leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis through C5a

Question 44

The molecular mechanism that uses opsonins to make a molecule (e.g. antigen) palatable to the phagocyte is called?

Answer 44

Opsonization

Question 45

The process by which a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease by administration of a vaccine is called?

Answer 45

Immunization

Question 46

Substances that stimulates the body's immune system to protect a person against subsequent disease or infection is called?

Answer 46

Vaccines