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Year Two > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity is gotten from the Latin word?

A

Immunis

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2
Q

Immunis means?

A

State of protection from infectious disease

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3
Q

The body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells is called?

A

Immunity

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4
Q

Four activities of immunity are?

A

Defense against invading pathogens eg viruses
Removal of worn out cells and tissue debris eg old RBCs
Identification and destruction of abnormal or mutant cells eg cancer
Rejection of foreign cells eg organ transplant

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5
Q

Four characteristics of immunity are?

A

Response is specific
Recognition of self Vs non self
Involves lymphocytes and antibodies
Can respond to many different materials

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6
Q

The two types of body defense against infection are?

A

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

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7
Q

The body defense that refers to the inborn ability of the body to resist disease and is genetically transmitted from generation to generation is called?

A

Innate immunity

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8
Q

Innate immunity is also known as?

A

Non specific or natural immunity

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9
Q

Innate immunity offers resistance to____ encountered by the host

A

Any microorganism or foreign material

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10
Q

Some mechanisms of Innate immunity are?

A 
WBC and microphages
Acid secretion of GIT and digestive enzymes
Lysozyme
Complement complex
Natural killer cells
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11
Q

The body defense system that uses highly specialised systemic cells and processes to eliminate or prevent pathogenic growth is called?

A

Adaptive immunity

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12
Q

Adaptive immunity is also known as?

A

Second line of response or specific immune system

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13
Q

The mechanism of adaptive immunity are?

A

T and B lymphocytes

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14
Q

Adaptive immunity relies on___ that adapt after infection

A

Mechanisms

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15
Q

Adaptive immunity is divided into?

A

Active immunity

Passive immunity

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16
Q

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system is called?

A

Active immunity

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17
Q

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through disease is called?

A

Natural active immunity

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18
Q

The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through vaccination is called?

A

Artificial active immunity

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19
Q

Examples of vaccines include?

A

Inactivated toxins

Killed microbes etc

20
Q

Active immunity is usually?

A

Permanent

21
Q

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal is called?

A

Passive immunity

22
Q

Passive immunity is usually?

A

Effective, but temporary

23
Q

An example of passive immunity is?

A

Maternal antibodies

24
Q

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being is called?

A

Natural passive immunity

25
Q

An example of natural passive immunity is?

A

mother to child across the placenta or in breast milk

26
Q

Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal which is injected is called?

A

Artificial passive immunity

27
Q

Immunity that involves antibodies secreted from B cells that are dissolved in the blood plasma is called?

A

Humoral immunity

28
Q

Humoral immunity is demonstrated as an immune response using?

A

Blood serum

29
Q

Once B cells are activated by antigen, they proliferate into____&____

A

Plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Memory cells that may be converted into plasma cells at a later time

30
Q

Immunity involved with the activities of specific white blood cells(T cells) is called?

A

Cell-mediated immunity

31
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is also known as?

A

Cellular immunity

32
Q

B cells mature in the___ while T cells mature in the___

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

33
Q

Four types of T cells are?

A

Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Suppressor T cells
Memory T cells

34
Q

Three characteristics of innate immunity are?

A

No time lag
Not antigen specific
No memory

35
Q

Three characteristics of adaptive immunity are?

A

A lag period
Antigen specific
Development of memory

36
Q

Natural killer cells are defined as?

A

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL)

37
Q

Natural killer cells are important in?

A

Innate immune system

38
Q

Natural killer cells attack?

A

Cancer cells

Intracellular pathogens

39
Q

B cells and T cells attack___& ___ respectively

A

Intracellular pathogens

Cancer cells

40
Q

A collective term that describes a system of about 20 precursor proteins is called?

A

Complement system

41
Q

Four functions of complement system are?

A

Anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a
Opsonization: C3b, C3bi, C3d
Membrane attack complex: C5b-C9
Smooth muscle contraction

42
Q

Membrane attack complex is also know as?

A

Cell lysis

43
Q

Some processes of smooth muscle contraction are?

A

Mast cell degranulation mediator release eg histamine
Vascular changes eg edema
Leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis through C5a

44
Q

The molecular mechanism that uses opsonins to make a molecule (e.g. antigen) palatable to the phagocyte is called?

A

Opsonization

45
Q

The process by which a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease by administration of a vaccine is called?

A

Immunization

46
Q

Substances that stimulates the body’s immune system to protect a person against subsequent disease or infection is called?

A

Vaccines

Year Two (27 decks)

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