Immunity Flashcards
Immunity is gotten from the Latin word?
Immunis
Immunis means?
State of protection from infectious disease
The body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells is called?
Immunity
Four activities of immunity are?
Defense against invading pathogens eg viruses
Removal of worn out cells and tissue debris eg old RBCs
Identification and destruction of abnormal or mutant cells eg cancer
Rejection of foreign cells eg organ transplant
Four characteristics of immunity are?
Response is specific
Recognition of self Vs non self
Involves lymphocytes and antibodies
Can respond to many different materials
The two types of body defense against infection are?
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
The body defense that refers to the inborn ability of the body to resist disease and is genetically transmitted from generation to generation is called?
Innate immunity
Innate immunity is also known as?
Non specific or natural immunity
Innate immunity offers resistance to____ encountered by the host
Any microorganism or foreign material
Some mechanisms of Innate immunity are?
WBC and microphages Acid secretion of GIT and digestive enzymes Lysozyme Complement complex Natural killer cells
The body defense system that uses highly specialised systemic cells and processes to eliminate or prevent pathogenic growth is called?
Adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity is also known as?
Second line of response or specific immune system
The mechanism of adaptive immunity are?
T and B lymphocytes
Adaptive immunity relies on___ that adapt after infection
Mechanisms
Adaptive immunity is divided into?
Active immunity
Passive immunity
The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system is called?
Active immunity
The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through disease is called?
Natural active immunity
The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system acquired through vaccination is called?
Artificial active immunity
Examples of vaccines include?
Inactivated toxins
Killed microbes etc
Active immunity is usually?
Permanent
Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal is called?
Passive immunity
Passive immunity is usually?
Effective, but temporary
An example of passive immunity is?
Maternal antibodies
Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being is called?
Natural passive immunity
An example of natural passive immunity is?
mother to child across the placenta or in breast milk
Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal which is injected is called?
Artificial passive immunity
Immunity that involves antibodies secreted from B cells that are dissolved in the blood plasma is called?
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is demonstrated as an immune response using?
Blood serum
Once B cells are activated by antigen, they proliferate into____&____
Plasma cells that secrete antibodies
Memory cells that may be converted into plasma cells at a later time
Immunity involved with the activities of specific white blood cells(T cells) is called?
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity is also known as?
Cellular immunity
B cells mature in the___ while T cells mature in the___
Bone marrow
Thymus
Four types of T cells are?
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Suppressor T cells
Memory T cells
Three characteristics of innate immunity are?
No time lag
Not antigen specific
No memory
Three characteristics of adaptive immunity are?
A lag period
Antigen specific
Development of memory
Natural killer cells are defined as?
Large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
Natural killer cells are important in?
Innate immune system
Natural killer cells attack?
Cancer cells
Intracellular pathogens
B cells and T cells attack___& ___ respectively
Intracellular pathogens
Cancer cells
A collective term that describes a system of about 20 precursor proteins is called?
Complement system
Four functions of complement system are?
Anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a
Opsonization: C3b, C3bi, C3d
Membrane attack complex: C5b-C9
Smooth muscle contraction
Membrane attack complex is also know as?
Cell lysis
Some processes of smooth muscle contraction are?
Mast cell degranulation mediator release eg histamine
Vascular changes eg edema
Leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis through C5a
The molecular mechanism that uses opsonins to make a molecule (e.g. antigen) palatable to the phagocyte is called?
Opsonization
The process by which a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease by administration of a vaccine is called?
Immunization
Substances that stimulates the body’s immune system to protect a person against subsequent disease or infection is called?
Vaccines
