Glucogenesis

Question 1

The metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non-carbohydrate precursors is called?

Answer 1

Gluconeogenesis or glucogenesis

Question 2

The formation of glucose and other carbohydrates from other classes of compounds in living cells is called?

Answer 2

Gluconeogenesis or glucogenesis

Question 3

The importance of gluconeogenesis are?

Answer 3

It produces glucose for the brain and body

Question 4

Gluconeogenesis occurs when the dietary intake of glucose is _____ to meet the requirements of the brain and body

Answer 4

Insufficient

Question 5

The daily glucose requirement of the brain of a typical adult human being is about?

Answer 5

120 grams

Question 6

The daily glucose requirement of the body of a typical adult human being is about?

Answer 6

160 grams

Question 7

The amount of glucose present in the body fluids of a typical adult human is?

Answer 7

20 grams

Question 8

The amount of glucose gotten from glycogen is?

Answer 8

190 grams

Question 9

Gluconeogenesis occurs in all?

Answer 9

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Microorganisms

Question 10

The major non-carbohydrate precursors used in gluconeogenesis are?

Answer 10

Lactate
Pyruvate
Amino acids
Glycerol

Question 11

The major site of gluconeogenesis is the?

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

The minor site of gluconeogenesis occurs in the?

Answer 12

Kidneys

Question 13

Little gluconeogenesis also occurs in the?

Answer 13

Brain
Heart muscle
Skeletal muscle

Question 14

Four functions of gluconeogenesis are?

Answer 14

Maintenance of glucose level
Control of acid-base balance
Maintenance of amino acid balance
Provision of biosynthetic precursors

Question 15

Gluconeogenesis controls acid-base balance by?

Answer 15

Converting lactate continuously into glucose in the liver

Producing NH3 by amino acids deamination to neutralise acids excreted in urine

Question 16

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid molecule to convert it into ammonia is called?

Answer 16

Deamination of amino acids

Question 17

A medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate (especially L-lactate) in the body, with formation of an excessively low pH in the bloodstream is called?

Answer 17

Lactic acidosis

Question 18

A metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized is called?

Answer 18

The Cori cycle ( lactic acid cycle)

Question 19

Who discovered the Cori Cycle?

Answer 19

Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori

Question 20

Gluconeogenesis maintains amino acid balance by?

Answer 20

Degradation of excess amino acids

Synthesis of the deficient amino acids through gluconeogenesis intermediates

Question 21

Gluconeogenesis provides biosynthetic precursors for the synthesis of?

Answer 21

Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Structural carbohydrates

Question 22

The starting material for glycolysis is__1__ while the end product is __2__

Answer 22

1. Glucose

2. Pyruvate

Question 23

The starting material for gluconeogenesis is__1__ while the end product is __2__

Answer 23

1. Pyruvate

2. Glucose

Question 24

Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis aren’t ______ running in opposite directions

Answer 24

Identical pathways

Question 25

____ of ten enzymatic steps of gluconeogenesis are a reversal of glycolysis

Answer 25

Seven

Question 26

____ reactions(steps) of glycolysis cannot be used in gluconeogenesis

Answer 26

Three

Question 27

A chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative is called?

Answer 27

An exergonic reaction

Question 28

The three bypass reactions of gluconeogenesis are?

Answer 28

Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose

Question 29

The first bypass of gluconeogenesis is called?

Answer 29

Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 30

The enzymes involved in the Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP) are?

Answer 30

Pyruvate carboxylase PEP carboxykinase Malate dehydrogenase

Question 31

Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate into?

Answer 31

Oxaloacetate

Question 32

Pyruvate carboxylase is found on the?

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

Oxaloacetate is converted into __1__ by __2__

Answer 33

1. Malate | 2. Malate dehydrogenase

Question 34

Why is Oxaloacetate converted into malate?

Answer 34

To enable it to pass through the mitochondria membranes

Question 35

After crossing through the mitochondria membranes, malate is converted back into oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase in the?

Answer 35

Cytoplasm

Question 36

Lastly oxaloacetate is converted into PEP by?

Answer 36

PEP carboxykinase

Question 37

The second bypass of gluconeogenesis is the?

Answer 37

Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate

Question 38

The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis differs from glycolysis by using?

Answer 38

The enzyme fructose-1,6-phosphatase

Question 39

The conversion of fructose-6-P into glucose-6-P in gluconeogenesis uses the same enzyme as glycolysis called?

Answer 39

Phosphoglucoisomerase

Question 40

The third bypass of gluconeogenesis is?

Answer 40

Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose

Question 41

The Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose in gluconeogenesis is carried out by the enzyme?

Answer 41

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 42

Glucose-6-phosphatase is located in the?

Answer 42

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

Gluconeogenesis occurs because of?

Answer 43

Hypoglycemia(low blood sugar levels)

Question 44

Hormones assisting gluconeogenesis are?

Answer 44

Cortisol Thyroxine Glucagon Epinephrine