Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year Two > Glucogenesis > Flashcards

Glucogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

The metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non-carbohydrate precursors is called?

A

Gluconeogenesis or glucogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The formation of glucose and other carbohydrates from other classes of compounds in living cells is called?

A

Gluconeogenesis or glucogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The importance of gluconeogenesis are?

A

It produces glucose for the brain and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs when the dietary intake of glucose is _____ to meet the requirements of the brain and body

A

Insufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The daily glucose requirement of the brain of a typical adult human being is about?

A

120 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The daily glucose requirement of the body of a typical adult human being is about?

A

160 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The amount of glucose present in the body fluids of a typical adult human is?

A

20 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The amount of glucose gotten from glycogen is?

A

190 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs in all?

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The major non-carbohydrate precursors used in gluconeogenesis are?

A

Lactate
Pyruvate
Amino acids
Glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The major site of gluconeogenesis is the?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The minor site of gluconeogenesis occurs in the?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Little gluconeogenesis also occurs in the?

A

Brain
Heart muscle
Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Four functions of gluconeogenesis are?

A

Maintenance of glucose level
Control of acid-base balance
Maintenance of amino acid balance
Provision of biosynthetic precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gluconeogenesis controls acid-base balance by?

A

Converting lactate continuously into glucose in the liver

Producing NH3 by amino acids deamination to neutralise acids excreted in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid molecule to convert it into ammonia is called?

A

Deamination of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate (especially L-lactate) in the body, with formation of an excessively low pH in the bloodstream is called?

A

Lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized is called?

A

The Cori cycle ( lactic acid cycle)

19
Q

Who discovered the Cori Cycle?

A

Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori

20
Q

Gluconeogenesis maintains amino acid balance by?

A

Degradation of excess amino acids

Synthesis of the deficient amino acids through gluconeogenesis intermediates

21
Q

Gluconeogenesis provides biosynthetic precursors for the synthesis of?

A

Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Structural carbohydrates

22
Q

The starting material for glycolysis is__1__ while the end product is __2__

A
  1. Glucose

2. Pyruvate

23
Q

The starting material for gluconeogenesis is__1__ while the end product is __2__

A
  1. Pyruvate

2. Glucose

24
Q

Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis aren’t ______ running in opposite directions

A

Identical pathways

25
Q

____ of ten enzymatic steps of gluconeogenesis are a reversal of glycolysis

A

Seven

26
Q

____ reactions(steps) of glycolysis cannot be used in gluconeogenesis

A

Three

27
Q

A chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative is called?

A

An exergonic reaction

28
Q

The three bypass reactions of gluconeogenesis are?

A

Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate
Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate
Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose

29
Q

The first bypass of gluconeogenesis is called?

A

Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate

30
Q

The enzymes involved in the Conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP) are?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase
PEP carboxykinase
Malate dehydrogenase

31
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate into?

A

Oxaloacetate

32
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase is found on the?

A

Mitochondria

33
Q

Oxaloacetate is converted into __1__ by __2__

A
  1. Malate

2. Malate dehydrogenase

34
Q

Why is Oxaloacetate converted into malate?

A

To enable it to pass through the mitochondria membranes

35
Q

After crossing through the mitochondria membranes, malate is converted back into oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase in the?

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

Lastly oxaloacetate is converted into PEP by?

A

PEP carboxykinase

37
Q

The second bypass of gluconeogenesis is the?

A

Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate

38
Q

The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis differs from glycolysis by using?

A

The enzyme fructose-1,6-phosphatase

39
Q

The conversion of fructose-6-P into glucose-6-P in gluconeogenesis uses the same enzyme as glycolysis called?

A

Phosphoglucoisomerase

40
Q

The third bypass of gluconeogenesis is?

A

Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose

41
Q

The Conversion of Glucose-6-phosphate into free glucose in gluconeogenesis is carried out by the enzyme?

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

42
Q

Glucose-6-phosphatase is located in the?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs because of?

A

Hypoglycemia(low blood sugar levels)

44
Q

Hormones assisting gluconeogenesis are?

A

Cortisol
Thyroxine
Glucagon
Epinephrine

Year Two (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions