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Year Two > Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Three structural characteristics that aid gas transport of RBCs are?

A

No mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)
Biconcave shape provides maneuverability and huge surface area
97% haemoglobin

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2
Q

RBCs produce their energy through?

A

Glycolysis

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3
Q

A coagulated protein consisting of 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains each with with its own iron containing ha group is called?

A

Haemoglobin

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4
Q

The alpha chains of Hb contain ___ amino acids

A

141

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5
Q

The beta chains contain ___ amino acids

A

146

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6
Q

The molecular weight of haemoglobin chain is?

A

16000 Daltons

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7
Q

Haemoglobin consists of ___ polypeptide chains

A

Four

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8
Q

Haem molecule is made up of?

A

Protoporphyrin + Fe

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9
Q

The molecular weight of Haemoglobin is?

A

640 million Daltons

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10
Q

Three normal haemoglobin are?

A

HBA
HBF
HBA2

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11
Q

The iron protoporphyrin synthesized mostly in the bone marrow (85%) and liver(15%) is?

A

Haem

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12
Q

Abnormal haemoglobins are?

A 
HbSS
HbSC
HbM
HbE
HbC
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13
Q

Haemoglobin disorders give rise to?

A

Haemoglobinopathies

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14
Q

Examples of haemoglobinopathies are?

A

Thalassemia
Sickle cell disease
Iron deficiency anaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia

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15
Q

Inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis(Thalassemia) or structure(sickle cell disorders) are called?

A

Haemoglobinopathies

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16
Q

Haemoglobinopathies are seen in individuals originating from?

A

Africa
Middle East
Mediterranean
Asia and the Far East

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17
Q

A group of disorders characterized by failure to synthesize normal quantities of Hb is called?

A

Thalassemia

18
Q

Some functions of Haemoglobin are?

A

Oxygen transport

Acid-base balance

19
Q

The process involved in the production and development of all blood cells from the pluripotent stem(haematopoietic stem cell) cell is called?

A

Haematopoiesis

20
Q

The production of erythrocytes is called?

A

Erythropoiesis

21
Q

The production of leucocytes is called?

A

Leucopoiesis

22
Q

The production of thrombocytes is called?

A

Thrombopoiesis

23
Q

In embryonic development, haematopoiesis begins at?

A

3 weeks

24
Q

After 6 weeks of embryogenesis, haemopoiesis occurs at?

A

The liver

25
Q

At birth and in adults haemopoiesis occurs at?

A

Red bone marrow

26
Q

Cells that have extensive proliferative capacity are called?

A

Stem cells

27
Q

Some properties of stem cells are?

A

Self renewal
Pluripotency
Grow and develop in the bone marrow

28
Q

The bone marrow and spleen form a supporting system called?

A

Haemopoietic environment

29
Q

The theory which states that colony stimulating factors and other factors of the haemopoietic microenvironment determine the cells to follow a certain path of cell differentiation is called?

A

The determinism theory of haemopoiesis/haematopoiesis

30
Q

Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis consists of?

A

The liver
The thymus
The spleen

31
Q

Haemopoiesis that occurs outside of the bone marrow is called?

A

Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis

32
Q

Reticulocyte count indicates?

A

The rate of RBC formation

33
Q

In erythropoiesis, ribosome synthesis (phase 1) occurs at?

A

Early and Late erythroblast

34
Q

In erythropoiesis, haemoglobin accumulation (phase 2) occurs at?

A

Normoblast

35
Q

In erythropoiesis, ejection of nucleus (phase 3) occurs at?

A

Reticulocyte

36
Q

A circulating glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidney that regulates erythropoiesis is called?

A

Erythropoietin(EPO)

37
Q

EPO acts mainly on?

A

Colony forming unit-eryhrocytes(CFU-E)

38
Q

Some functions of EPO are?

A 
Activation of bone marrow stem cells to differentiate into pronormoblasts
Shortens cell cycle
Decrease maturation time
Prevent apoptosis
Increases haemoglobin production rate
39
Q

Under steady conditions, the rate of RBC production must be ___ to the rate of RBC loss

A

Equal

40
Q

Reticulocyte spends ____ days maturing in the bone marrow and ___ day maturing in peripheral blood

A

Three

One

Year Two (27 decks)

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