Erythrocytes

Question 1

Three structural characteristics that aid gas transport of RBCs are?

Answer 1

No mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)
Biconcave shape provides maneuverability and huge surface area
97% haemoglobin

Question 2

RBCs produce their energy through?

Answer 2

Glycolysis

Question 3

A coagulated protein consisting of 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains each with with its own iron containing ha group is called?

Answer 3

Haemoglobin

Question 4

The alpha chains of Hb contain ___ amino acids

Answer 4

141

Question 5

The beta chains contain ___ amino acids

Answer 5

146

Question 6

The molecular weight of haemoglobin chain is?

Answer 6

16000 Daltons

Question 7

Haemoglobin consists of ___ polypeptide chains

Answer 7

Four

Question 8

Haem molecule is made up of?

Answer 8

Protoporphyrin + Fe

Question 9

The molecular weight of Haemoglobin is?

Answer 9

640 million Daltons

Question 10

Three normal haemoglobin are?

Answer 10

HBA
HBF
HBA2

Question 11

The iron protoporphyrin synthesized mostly in the bone marrow (85%) and liver(15%) is?

Answer 11

Haem

Question 12

Abnormal haemoglobins are?

Answer 12

HbSS
HbSC
HbM
HbE
HbC

Question 13

Haemoglobin disorders give rise to?

Answer 13

Haemoglobinopathies

Question 14

Examples of haemoglobinopathies are?

Answer 14

Thalassemia
Sickle cell disease
Iron deficiency anaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia

Question 15

Inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis(Thalassemia) or structure(sickle cell disorders) are called?

Answer 15

Haemoglobinopathies

Question 16

Haemoglobinopathies are seen in individuals originating from?

Answer 16

Africa
Middle East
Mediterranean
Asia and the Far East

Question 17

A group of disorders characterized by failure to synthesize normal quantities of Hb is called?

Answer 17

Thalassemia

Question 18

Some functions of Haemoglobin are?

Answer 18

Oxygen transport

Acid-base balance

Question 19

The process involved in the production and development of all blood cells from the pluripotent stem(haematopoietic stem cell) cell is called?

Answer 19

Haematopoiesis

Question 20

The production of erythrocytes is called?

Answer 20

Erythropoiesis

Question 21

The production of leucocytes is called?

Answer 21

Leucopoiesis

Question 22

The production of thrombocytes is called?

Answer 22

Thrombopoiesis

Question 23

In embryonic development, haematopoiesis begins at?

Answer 23

3 weeks

Question 24

After 6 weeks of embryogenesis, haemopoiesis occurs at?

Answer 24

The liver

Question 25

At birth and in adults haemopoiesis occurs at?

Answer 25

Red bone marrow

Question 26

Cells that have extensive proliferative capacity are called?

Answer 26

Stem cells

Question 27

Some properties of stem cells are?

Answer 27

Self renewal Pluripotency Grow and develop in the bone marrow

Question 28

The bone marrow and spleen form a supporting system called?

Answer 28

Haemopoietic environment

Question 29

The theory which states that colony stimulating factors and other factors of the haemopoietic microenvironment determine the cells to follow a certain path of cell differentiation is called?

Answer 29

The determinism theory of haemopoiesis/haematopoiesis

Question 30

Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis consists of?

Answer 30

The liver The thymus The spleen

Question 31

Haemopoiesis that occurs outside of the bone marrow is called?

Answer 31

Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis

Question 32

Reticulocyte count indicates?

Answer 32

The rate of RBC formation

Question 33

In erythropoiesis, ribosome synthesis (phase 1) occurs at?

Answer 33

Early and Late erythroblast

Question 34

In erythropoiesis, haemoglobin accumulation (phase 2) occurs at?

Answer 34

Normoblast

Question 35

In erythropoiesis, ejection of nucleus (phase 3) occurs at?

Answer 35

Reticulocyte

Question 36

A circulating glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidney that regulates erythropoiesis is called?

Answer 36

Erythropoietin(EPO)

Question 37

EPO acts mainly on?

Answer 37

Colony forming unit-eryhrocytes(CFU-E)

Question 38

Some functions of EPO are?

Answer 38

``` Activation of bone marrow stem cells to differentiate into pronormoblasts Shortens cell cycle Decrease maturation time Prevent apoptosis Increases haemoglobin production rate ```

Question 39

Under steady conditions, the rate of RBC production must be ___ to the rate of RBC loss

Answer 39

Equal

Question 40

Reticulocyte spends ____ days maturing in the bone marrow and ___ day maturing in peripheral blood

Answer 40

Three | One