Erythrocytes Flashcards
Three structural characteristics that aid gas transport of RBCs are?
No mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)
Biconcave shape provides maneuverability and huge surface area
97% haemoglobin
RBCs produce their energy through?
Glycolysis
A coagulated protein consisting of 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains each with with its own iron containing ha group is called?
Haemoglobin
The alpha chains of Hb contain ___ amino acids
141
The beta chains contain ___ amino acids
146
The molecular weight of haemoglobin chain is?
16000 Daltons
Haemoglobin consists of ___ polypeptide chains
Four
Haem molecule is made up of?
Protoporphyrin + Fe
The molecular weight of Haemoglobin is?
640 million Daltons
Three normal haemoglobin are?
HBA
HBF
HBA2
The iron protoporphyrin synthesized mostly in the bone marrow (85%) and liver(15%) is?
Haem
Abnormal haemoglobins are?
HbSS HbSC HbM HbE HbC
Haemoglobin disorders give rise to?
Haemoglobinopathies
Examples of haemoglobinopathies are?
Thalassemia
Sickle cell disease
Iron deficiency anaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia
Inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis(Thalassemia) or structure(sickle cell disorders) are called?
Haemoglobinopathies
Haemoglobinopathies are seen in individuals originating from?
Africa
Middle East
Mediterranean
Asia and the Far East
A group of disorders characterized by failure to synthesize normal quantities of Hb is called?
Thalassemia
Some functions of Haemoglobin are?
Oxygen transport
Acid-base balance
The process involved in the production and development of all blood cells from the pluripotent stem(haematopoietic stem cell) cell is called?
Haematopoiesis
The production of erythrocytes is called?
Erythropoiesis
The production of leucocytes is called?
Leucopoiesis
The production of thrombocytes is called?
Thrombopoiesis
In embryonic development, haematopoiesis begins at?
3 weeks
After 6 weeks of embryogenesis, haemopoiesis occurs at?
The liver
At birth and in adults haemopoiesis occurs at?
Red bone marrow
Cells that have extensive proliferative capacity are called?
Stem cells
Some properties of stem cells are?
Self renewal
Pluripotency
Grow and develop in the bone marrow
The bone marrow and spleen form a supporting system called?
Haemopoietic environment
The theory which states that colony stimulating factors and other factors of the haemopoietic microenvironment determine the cells to follow a certain path of cell differentiation is called?
The determinism theory of haemopoiesis/haematopoiesis
Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis consists of?
The liver
The thymus
The spleen
Haemopoiesis that occurs outside of the bone marrow is called?
Extramedullary haematopoiesis/haemopoiesis
Reticulocyte count indicates?
The rate of RBC formation
In erythropoiesis, ribosome synthesis (phase 1) occurs at?
Early and Late erythroblast
In erythropoiesis, haemoglobin accumulation (phase 2) occurs at?
Normoblast
In erythropoiesis, ejection of nucleus (phase 3) occurs at?
Reticulocyte
A circulating glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidney that regulates erythropoiesis is called?
Erythropoietin(EPO)
EPO acts mainly on?
Colony forming unit-eryhrocytes(CFU-E)
Some functions of EPO are?
Activation of bone marrow stem cells to differentiate into pronormoblasts Shortens cell cycle Decrease maturation time Prevent apoptosis Increases haemoglobin production rate
Under steady conditions, the rate of RBC production must be ___ to the rate of RBC loss
Equal
Reticulocyte spends ____ days maturing in the bone marrow and ___ day maturing in peripheral blood
Three
One
