Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are called?
Carbohydrates
The two major types of carbohydrates include both?
Simple sugars
Complex sugars
Simple sugars are made up of?
Glucose and fructose etc
Complex sugars are made up of?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
The classification of carbohydrates are?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Complex sugars are also called?
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are made up of multiple?
Monosaccharides
The two major functions of polysaccharides are?
Serve as energy storage (starch and glycogen)
Serve as structural components (chitin & cellulose)
Salivary amylase digests polysaccharides into?
Smaller oligosaccharides
Maltose is broken down into__1__ & __2__ by __3__
- Glucose
- Glucose
- Maltase
Lactose is broken down into__1__ & __2__ by __3__
- Galactose
- Glucose
- Lactase
Sucrose is broken down into__1__ & __2__ by __3__
- Fructose
- Glucose
- Sucrase
Amylase is denatured in the stomach by?
HCl
The dietary carbohydrates are the?
Monosaccharides
The dietary carbohydrates are the?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Three examples of Monosaccharides are?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
The process by which cells break down fuel molecules through different metabolic pathways to transfer their energy into high energy compounds is called?
Cellular respiration
Examples of high energy compounds are?
ATP GTP NADH FADH2 NADPH
ATP means?
Adenosine-5-triphosphate
GTP means?
Guanosine-5-triphosphate
NADH means?
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FADH2 means?
Reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide
NADPH means?
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Why is glucose the body’s most readily available source of energy?
It is relatively rich in potential energy(energy stored in chemical bonds)
It supplies a huge array of metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic reactions
It can be used to produce ATP aerobically or anaerobically from its intercellular storage polymers
Glucose has three major pathways of utilisation, namely?
Glucose to pyruvate(oxidation via glycolysis)
Glucose to ribose-5-phosphate & NADH(oxidation via PPP)
Glucose to polysaccharides
What stores excess glucose as glycogen in the liver?
Hepatocytes
In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is converted into?
Two molecules of pyruvate
In glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of?
ATP
NADH
The two phases of glycolysis are?
Preparatory phase
Pay-off phase