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Histology Of Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system is composed of?

A

Lymphoid organs and lymphatic vessels

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2
Q

The lymphatic vessels drain into the?

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

Large aggregation of lymphocytes forms?

A

Lymphoid organs

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4
Q

Lymphoid organs contain___&___

A

Lymphatic nodules

Diffuse lymphatic tissues

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5
Q

Lymphoid organs can be divided into two groups namely?

A

Primary lymphoid organs (central lymphoid organs)

Secondary lymphoid organs (peripheral lymphoid organs)

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6
Q

Centres of the immune system where lymphocyte development and maturation occur are called?

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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7
Q

The undifferentiated stem cells develop into?

A

B-lymphocytes

T-lymphocytes

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8
Q

Primary lymphoid organs include?

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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9
Q

T-lymphocyte maturation occurs in the?

A

Thymus

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10
Q

B-lymphocyte maturation occurs in the?

A

Bone marrow

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11
Q

Locations of immune system where lymphocytes are functionally specialized by coming in contact with different antigens are called?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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12
Q

Examples of secondary lymphoid organs are?

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils etc

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13
Q

The three cells of the lymphoid system are?

A

B-lymphocyte
T-lymphocyte
Null cells

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14
Q

What activates naive B-cells and naive T-cells?

A

Antigens

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15
Q

Activated B-cells differentiate into?

A

Plasma cells and memory cells

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16
Q

Memory cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce____ to participate in the humoral immune response

A

Antibodies

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17
Q

Activated T-cells differentiate into?

A

Central Memory T cells and effector T cells

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18
Q

Central Memory T-cells secrete ____ that stimulates B-cells to proliferate

A

Interleukin-2

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19
Q

T-cells that express chemokine receptor surface molecules are called?

A

Central memory T cells

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20
Q

T-cells that don’t express chemokine receptor surface molecules are called?

A

Effector memory T-cells

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21
Q

Effector memory T-cells secrete___

A

Interleukin-4

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22
Q

The secretion of interleukin-4 stimulates

A

B cells and increase immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M

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23
Q

Effector memory T-cells differentiate into?

A

Effector T-cells

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24
Q

Cells that promote antibody production and stimulate proliferation of eosinophil and mast cells is called?

A

Helper T-cells

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25
Effector T-Cells that promote antibody production and stimulate proliferation of eosinophil and mast cells is called?
Helper T-cells
26
Effector T-Cells that kill tumor cells, transplanted cells etc are called?
Cytotoxic T-cells
27
Effector T-Cells that are involved in immunological tolerance are called?
Regulatory or Suppressor T cells
28
Examples of effector T-Cells are?
Helper T-cells (secrete IL-2,IL-4 etc) Cytotoxic T-cells Regulatory or suppressor T-cells
29
Null cells include?
Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells | Natural killer cells (NK cells)
30
The function of Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells is to?
Function as stem cells and give rise to various types of blood cells
31
The function of natural killer cells is to?
Kill invading target cells such as tumour cells
32
Antigen presenting cells are?
macrophages | Dendritic cells etc
33
A soft, highly vascular and flexible connective tissue which serve as the primary site of hematopoiesis is called?
Bone marrow
34
Two types of bone marrow are?
Red bone marrow | Yellow bone marrow
35
The marrow that is responsible for the formation of blood cells as it contains blood and blood forming cells is called?
Red bone marrow
36
The inactive bone marrow that contains great number of adipose cells is called?
Yellow bone marrow
37
The 3 structures of the bone marrow are?
Stroma Sinusoidal capillaries Hematopoietic cords
38
Wide thin walled blood capillaries lined by fenestrated endothelial cells with discontinuous basement membrane are called?
Sinusoidal capillaries
39
____ are formed of hematopoietic cells which are population of developing blood cells
Hematopoietic cords
40
The stroma is formed from?
Cells(macrophages, reticular cells etc) Fibres(collagen & reticular) Intercellular substance(glycoprotein & proteoglycans)
41
The visible part of the red bone marrow under microscope are the?
``` Blood Sinusoids(thin white spaces) Adipocytes( large white circles) Megakaryoblast( large dark circles) Megakaryocyte Myelocytes Normoblasts Erythroblast ```
42
A bilobed gland located in the superior mediastinum is called?
Thymus
43
The thymus gradually atrophies to be replaced by ____ after puberty
Fat
44
Four microscopic features of thymus are?
Capsule of connective tissue covering both lobes Numerous septa from the capsule divide it into lobules Each lobule consists of peripheral cortex & central medulla Septa contains blood vessels
45
The thymus is divided into two namely?
Cortex | Medulla
46
The peripheral dark zone mainly composed of densely packed T-lymphocytes is called?
Cortex
47
Other cells in the cortex are called?
Epithelial Reticular cells | Macrophages
48
The central lighter zone of each lobule with Hassal or thymic corpuscles & concentrically arranged epithiocytes is called?
Medulla
49
3 properties of epithelial reticular cells are?
They are interconnected with each other to hold T-lymphocytes together They are classified into six types based on their functions and locations Types I to III are located in the cortex, while types IV to VI are located in the medulla
50
The barrier that prevents antigen circulating in the blood from coming in contact with thymic lymphocytes is called?
Blood-thymus barrier
51
The blood-thymus barrier consists of?
Endothelium of capillaries Thick basement membrane Layer of epithelial reticular cells
52
Bean-shaped structures present in the course of the lymphatic vessels are called?
Lymph nodes
53
Lymph nodes consist of?
Capsule Cortex Medulla Various sinuses
54
The lymph nodes capsule is made up of __1__ and gives rise to __2__
Reticular Connective tissue | Numerous trabeculae
55
The darkly stained peripheral part of the lymph node underneath the capsule is called?
The lymph node cortex
56
The lymph node cortex is divided into?
Outer cortex | Inner cortex
57
The lymph node cortex consists of?
Lymphocytes(packed) Plasma cells Macrophages
58
The outer cortex consists of ____, ____and a _____ for B-lymphocytes proliferation
B-lymphocytes Germinal centre Lymphoid nodule
59
The inner cortex is also known as the?
Paracortex(thymus dependent cortex)
60
The inner cortex consists of?
T-lymphocytes
61
The inner cortex surrounds the?
Medulla
62
Two properties of lymph medulla are?
Light stained central part of the lymph node | Consists of medullary cord and sinuses
63
Extensions of the inner cortex separated by medullary sinuses are called?
Medullary cords
64
The largest lymphoid organ is called the?
Spleen
65
The parenchyma of spleen consists of?
White pulp Red pulp Marginal zone
66
The connective tissue of the spleen is called?
Reticular dense connective tissue
67
The white pulp consists of?
Central artery | Lymphatic nodule
68
The dark ring region around the Germinal centre is called the?
Mantle zone
69
The region that surrounds the white pulp is called the?
Marginal zone
70
The red pulp is divided into two components namely?
Red pulp cords | Sinusoids
71
Red pulp cords are also called?
Cords of billroth
72
Irregular anastomosing cords surrounding the Sinusoids are called?
Red pulp cords
73
Two properties of red pulp Sinusoids are?
Wide lumen | Elongated and parallel endothelial cells
74
The lymphatic tissues found in the mucosa of the digestive, respiratory and genito-urinary tracts are called?
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues
75
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues is divided into?
Gut-associated lymphatic tissues(GALT) | Bronchus-associated lymphatic tissues(BALT)
76
The lymphatic tissues found in the respiratory tract is called?
Bronchus-associated lymphatic tissues(BALT)
77
The lymphatic tissues found in the digestive tract such as tonsils, large intestine etc are called?
Gut-associated lymphatic tissues(GALT)
78
Features of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues are?
Presence of lymphatic nodules with germinal centres Lymphoid tissues lie in the lamina propria They are centres of lymphocyte production
79
Collections of lymphoid tissues near the junction of the oral cavity with the pharynx are called?
Tonsils
80
The largest tonsils are the?
Left and right palatine tonsils
81
The Left and right palatine tonsils are found?
On either side of the oropharyngeal isthmus
82
The pharyngeal tonsil is found on the?
Posterior wall of the pharynx
83
The lingual tonsils are found on the?
Dorsum of the posterior part of the tongue
84
The tubal tonsils are found around the?
Pharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes
85
The epithelium of palatine tonsils is?
Stratified squamous epithelium

Year Two (27 decks)

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