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Year Two > Histology Of Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Histology Of Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system is composed of?

A

Lymphoid organs and lymphatic vessels

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2
Q

The lymphatic vessels drain into the?

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

Large aggregation of lymphocytes forms?

A

Lymphoid organs

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4
Q

Lymphoid organs contain___&___

A

Lymphatic nodules

Diffuse lymphatic tissues

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5
Q

Lymphoid organs can be divided into two groups namely?

A

Primary lymphoid organs (central lymphoid organs)

Secondary lymphoid organs (peripheral lymphoid organs)

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6
Q

Centres of the immune system where lymphocyte development and maturation occur are called?

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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7
Q

The undifferentiated stem cells develop into?

A

B-lymphocytes

T-lymphocytes

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8
Q

Primary lymphoid organs include?

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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9
Q

T-lymphocyte maturation occurs in the?

A

Thymus

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10
Q

B-lymphocyte maturation occurs in the?

A

Bone marrow

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11
Q

Locations of immune system where lymphocytes are functionally specialized by coming in contact with different antigens are called?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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12
Q

Examples of secondary lymphoid organs are?

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils etc

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13
Q

The three cells of the lymphoid system are?

A

B-lymphocyte
T-lymphocyte
Null cells

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14
Q

What activates naive B-cells and naive T-cells?

A

Antigens

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15
Q

Activated B-cells differentiate into?

A

Plasma cells and memory cells

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16
Q

Memory cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce____ to participate in the humoral immune response

A

Antibodies

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17
Q

Activated T-cells differentiate into?

A

Central Memory T cells and effector T cells

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18
Q

Central Memory T-cells secrete ____ that stimulates B-cells to proliferate

A

Interleukin-2

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19
Q

T-cells that express chemokine receptor surface molecules are called?

A

Central memory T cells

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20
Q

T-cells that don’t express chemokine receptor surface molecules are called?

A

Effector memory T-cells

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21
Q

Effector memory T-cells secrete___

A

Interleukin-4

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22
Q

The secretion of interleukin-4 stimulates

A

B cells and increase immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M

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23
Q

Effector memory T-cells differentiate into?

A

Effector T-cells

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24
Q

Cells that promote antibody production and stimulate proliferation of eosinophil and mast cells is called?

A

Helper T-cells

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25
Q

Effector T-Cells that promote antibody production and stimulate proliferation of eosinophil and mast cells is called?

A

Helper T-cells

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26
Q

Effector T-Cells that kill tumor cells, transplanted cells etc are called?

A

Cytotoxic T-cells

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27
Q

Effector T-Cells that are involved in immunological tolerance are called?

A

Regulatory or Suppressor T cells

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28
Q

Examples of effector T-Cells are?

A

Helper T-cells (secrete IL-2,IL-4 etc)
Cytotoxic T-cells
Regulatory or suppressor T-cells

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29
Q

Null cells include?

A

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

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30
Q

The function of Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells is to?

A

Function as stem cells and give rise to various types of blood cells

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31
Q

The function of natural killer cells is to?

A

Kill invading target cells such as tumour cells

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32
Q

Antigen presenting cells are?

A

macrophages

Dendritic cells etc

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33
Q

A soft, highly vascular and flexible connective tissue which serve as the primary site of hematopoiesis is called?

A

Bone marrow

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34
Q

Two types of bone marrow are?

A

Red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow

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35
Q

The marrow that is responsible for the formation of blood cells as it contains blood and blood forming cells is called?

A

Red bone marrow

36
Q

The inactive bone marrow that contains great number of adipose cells is called?

A

Yellow bone marrow

37
Q

The 3 structures of the bone marrow are?

A

Stroma
Sinusoidal capillaries
Hematopoietic cords

38
Q

Wide thin walled blood capillaries lined by fenestrated endothelial cells with discontinuous basement membrane are called?

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

39
Q

____ are formed of hematopoietic cells which are population of developing blood cells

A

Hematopoietic cords

40
Q

The stroma is formed from?

A

Cells(macrophages, reticular cells etc)
Fibres(collagen & reticular)
Intercellular substance(glycoprotein & proteoglycans)

41
Q

The visible part of the red bone marrow under microscope are the?

A 
Blood Sinusoids(thin white spaces)
Adipocytes( large white circles)
Megakaryoblast( large dark circles)
Megakaryocyte
Myelocytes
Normoblasts
Erythroblast
42
Q

A bilobed gland located in the superior mediastinum is called?

A

Thymus

43
Q

The thymus gradually atrophies to be replaced by ____ after puberty

A

Fat

44
Q

Four microscopic features of thymus are?

A

Capsule of connective tissue covering both lobes
Numerous septa from the capsule divide it into lobules
Each lobule consists of peripheral cortex & central medulla
Septa contains blood vessels

45
Q

The thymus is divided into two namely?

A

Cortex

Medulla

46
Q

The peripheral dark zone mainly composed of densely packed T-lymphocytes is called?

A

Cortex

47
Q

Other cells in the cortex are called?

A

Epithelial Reticular cells

Macrophages

48
Q

The central lighter zone of each lobule with Hassal or thymic corpuscles & concentrically arranged epithiocytes is called?

A

Medulla

49
Q

3 properties of epithelial reticular cells are?

A

They are interconnected with each other to hold T-lymphocytes together
They are classified into six types based on their functions and locations
Types I to III are located in the cortex, while types IV to VI are located in the medulla

50
Q

The barrier that prevents antigen circulating in the blood from coming in contact with thymic lymphocytes is called?

A

Blood-thymus barrier

51
Q

The blood-thymus barrier consists of?

A

Endothelium of capillaries
Thick basement membrane
Layer of epithelial reticular cells

52
Q

Bean-shaped structures present in the course of the lymphatic vessels are called?

A

Lymph nodes

53
Q

Lymph nodes consist of?

A

Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Various sinuses

54
Q

The lymph nodes capsule is made up of __1__ and gives rise to __2__

A

Reticular Connective tissue

Numerous trabeculae

55
Q

The darkly stained peripheral part of the lymph node underneath the capsule is called?

A

The lymph node cortex

56
Q

The lymph node cortex is divided into?

A

Outer cortex

Inner cortex

57
Q

The lymph node cortex consists of?

A

Lymphocytes(packed)
Plasma cells
Macrophages

58
Q

The outer cortex consists of ____, ____and a _____ for B-lymphocytes proliferation

A

B-lymphocytes
Germinal centre
Lymphoid nodule

59
Q

The inner cortex is also known as the?

A

Paracortex(thymus dependent cortex)

60
Q

The inner cortex consists of?

A

T-lymphocytes

61
Q

The inner cortex surrounds the?

A

Medulla

62
Q

Two properties of lymph medulla are?

A

Light stained central part of the lymph node

Consists of medullary cord and sinuses

63
Q

Extensions of the inner cortex separated by medullary sinuses are called?

A

Medullary cords

64
Q

The largest lymphoid organ is called the?

A

Spleen

65
Q

The parenchyma of spleen consists of?

A

White pulp
Red pulp
Marginal zone

66
Q

The connective tissue of the spleen is called?

A

Reticular dense connective tissue

67
Q

The white pulp consists of?

A

Central artery

Lymphatic nodule

68
Q

The dark ring region around the Germinal centre is called the?

A

Mantle zone

69
Q

The region that surrounds the white pulp is called the?

A

Marginal zone

70
Q

The red pulp is divided into two components namely?

A

Red pulp cords

Sinusoids

71
Q

Red pulp cords are also called?

A

Cords of billroth

72
Q

Irregular anastomosing cords surrounding the Sinusoids are called?

A

Red pulp cords

73
Q

Two properties of red pulp Sinusoids are?

A

Wide lumen

Elongated and parallel endothelial cells

74
Q

The lymphatic tissues found in the mucosa of the digestive, respiratory and genito-urinary tracts are called?

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues

75
Q

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues is divided into?

A

Gut-associated lymphatic tissues(GALT)

Bronchus-associated lymphatic tissues(BALT)

76
Q

The lymphatic tissues found in the respiratory tract is called?

A

Bronchus-associated lymphatic tissues(BALT)

77
Q

The lymphatic tissues found in the digestive tract such as tonsils, large intestine etc are called?

A

Gut-associated lymphatic tissues(GALT)

78
Q

Features of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues are?

A

Presence of lymphatic nodules with germinal centres
Lymphoid tissues lie in the lamina propria
They are centres of lymphocyte production

79
Q

Collections of lymphoid tissues near the junction of the oral cavity with the pharynx are called?

A

Tonsils

80
Q

The largest tonsils are the?

A

Left and right palatine tonsils

81
Q

The Left and right palatine tonsils are found?

A

On either side of the oropharyngeal isthmus

82
Q

The pharyngeal tonsil is found on the?

A

Posterior wall of the pharynx

83
Q

The lingual tonsils are found on the?

A

Dorsum of the posterior part of the tongue

84
Q

The tubal tonsils are found around the?

A

Pharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes

85
Q

The epithelium of palatine tonsils is?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Year Two (27 decks)

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