Repro 2 Flashcards
What are the main portals of entry into the female reproductive tract?
- At insemination 2. Excessive vaginal contamination 3. Postpartum + retained fetal membranes 4. Haematogenous - localisation in maternoplacental interface
What are some clinical signs that could be seen in cases of infection of the feline reproductive tract?
- Pain 2. Vulval discharge 3. Irregular oestrus + prolonged breeding seasons 4. Avain - drop in egg production or reduced amount of eggs
Name condition shown below and state the clinical significance of it:
Ovarian cysts - mostly silent + often and incidental finding
For the condition below:
- State the condition that is shown
- This is commonly seen in the ______ calf
- Briefly explain the pathogenesis of it
a. Ovarian hypoplasia and aplasia
b. Free martin calves
c. Female with a male twin means they will be exposed to testosterone in utero
Name the condition that is shown below (inflammation of ovary and provide an example of a disease/aetiological agent that may be responsible for this:
Oophoritis - inflammation of the ovary
Aetiological agents that may be responsible:
- Fowl Cholera – Pasteurella multocida, Avian influenza, Newcastle disease, FIP – can also cause this
Name the conditions shown below (they are neoplasms):
- Ovarian tumours
- Ovarian adenocarcinomas
Name the condition that is shown in the uterus below then:
i) Name 3 ways in which it could arise
ii) The clinical significance of this lesion
Endometritis - inflammation of the inner glandular lining of the uterus
i)
Pregnancy - microbes that cause placentitis
Post-partum - after normal pregnancy - specifically failure of birth
Retained lochia - excellent medium for bacterial growth
ii)
Endometritis/metritis > persisitant corpus leuteum > prolonged dioestrous (absence of PGF2 release) > delayed return to service
Name the condition that is shown in the image below:
Metritis - much more severe form of endometritis extending through all layers of the uterus - potentially caused by Clostridium perfringens
Name the condition that is shown below:
Endometrial cyst hyperplasia - localised or generalised - persistant ovarian follicles - reduced fertility/dystochia (harder to implant)
Name the condition that is shown in the image below, a cause and what do you need to do?
- Uterine prolapse - normally seen after parturition
- Predisposing factors: flaccid uterus, dysocia, excessive straining
- This lesion causes hyperaemia, oedema + venous infarction - get it back in the animal ASAP
Name the condition that is shown below:
Uterine lymphoma
Name the condition that is shown below and provide a scenario of where this may be seen:
Hypoplastic cervix - seen in cases of the free martin heifer
Name the condition that is shown below:
Cervical polyp
Name the condition that is shown below and provide an example of a potential aetiological agent:
Vulvo-vaginitis - caused by BoHV-1
What is dystocia and what could be a potential cause of it?
Abnormal or difficult birth - caused by foetal factors
What is an example of a maternal factor that could cause dystocia?
- Downer cow from hypocalcaemia
- Immature breeding - inadequate canal size
- Breach birth - cow comes out the wrong way
Name three foetal factors that could cause dystochia:
- Large foetal size due to metabolic disorders
- Big head from foetal hydrocephalus
- Breeds bred for specific characteristics
Name the clinical findings shown below and state the significance of them:
Mumification of the foetus/foetuses – retained and become dark dehydrated masses – infectious or non-infectious – means sterile (bacteria haven’t got there) – can be born at any time OR retain indefinitely
Name the finding that is shown below and state the significance of it:
- Maceration of foetus/foetuses – putrefactive bacteria have been able to gain access to the tissue and putrification + pyometra – retained indefinitely (foetus does not induce its own parturition)
Name the condition that is shown below:
The distressed foetus was hypoxic and gasped as a result it aspirated amniotic contents
Name a possible virus that may have caused the lung pathology below and also abortion:
Caused by equine herpesvirus 1 (this virus also causes abortion)
Name the condition that is shown below:
Bovine necrotising placentitis - caused by leptospira
What is an example of a protozoa that could cause abortion?
T.gondii and neospora caninum
Name the condition that is shown below and provide a potential cause:
Arthrogryposis - caused by Akabane virus
