Neurology Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is meant by the term anisokoria?
Variation in pupil size
Define the conditon that is shown below:
Anisokoria
Define the term that is shown below:
Mydriasis = dilation of pupils
Define the term that is shown below:
Miosis
Name and define the condition that shown below:
Exophthalmus
Name and define the term that is shown below:
Strabismus = abnormal alignment of the eyes - they are looking in different directions
Name and define the condition that is shown below:
Enopthalmos = sinking (or posterior positioning) of the globe in the orbit
Name the condition that is shown below:
Buphthalmia = increased size of the globe - may or may not be associated with increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
Name the condition that is shown below:
Blepharospasm = closed eyelids, this may indicate pain but can also be associated with muscular + nerve injuries
Name the condition that is shown in the image below:
Nictitating membrane protrusion = lateral movement of the 3rd eyelid, may be associated with pain or neurological deficits
Name the condition that is shown below:
Horners syndrome: aniscoria, stabismus, encopthalmia and unilateral nictitating membrane protrusion
How does the eye typically respond to injury?
Neovascularisation (ingrowth of blood vessels) + squamous keratinising metaplasia
What is the drainage angle of the eye?
The drainage angle of the eye is the strucuture where the iris meets the sclera at the anterior part of the iris and drains fluid from the eye
Name the lesion that is shown in the image below:
This is a cataract showing degeneration of the lens fibres
What is the main response of the retina to injury?
The main response of the retina to injury is to detach and then degenerate
What is the main response of the optic nerve to injury?
The main response of the optic nerve to injury is degeneration + cupping (“sinking”) of the optic nerve
Contrast secondary and primary glaucoma:
Goniodysgenesis = primary closure of drainage angle where there is direct attachement of the iris to the sclera without formation of the drainage angle - as a result the fluid is not able to drain and builds up leading to a glaucoma - this is a congenital malformation
Secondary gluacoma = secondary to neoplasia or inflammation –> blockage or pressure on the draining angle –> inability to re-absorb fluid + developement of glaucoma
What is the condition shown below and what is the effect of it?
Entropion = congential/developemental disease arising from infolding of cutaneous surface of eyelids - causing erosions and ulcerations to the cornea
Name the pattern of inflammation that is shown in the image below:
Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)
Name the pattern of inflammation that is shown below:
Keratitis - inflammation of the cornea
Name the pattern of inflammation that is shown below:
Uveitis (inflammation of the iris, choroid and ciliary body)
Name the pattern of inflammation that is shown in the image below:
Bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye) - is an infection of the cornea + the conjunctiva
What is the pattern of inflammation that is shown below?
Equine fungal keratitis - one of the most common is fungal organisms
What are the main common causes of keratoconjunctivitis within animals?
Keratoconjunctivitis - caused by markedly reduced tear film production or inappropriate compostion of tear film
Other common causes can include foreign bodies
