Lecture 15 - Respiratory 1

Question 1

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Functions in the conduction of air - humidifying, filtering and warming

Question 2

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Lower respiratory tract functions in gas exchange

Question 3

What reflexes are involved in pulmonary defence?

Answer 3

1. Bronchoconstriction
2. Sneezing
3. Coughing

Question 4

Where are the phagocytes located in pulmonary defence and what factors negatively affect them?

Answer 4

These are situated in mucous and lymphatics and are negatively impacted by drugs, hypoxia, acidosis, stress and viruses

Question 5

What are some of the defences involved within the immune system?

Answer 5

BALT

IgA (especially in the upper respiratory tract) and IgG (especially in the lower respiratory tract)

Question 6

What is the function of the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 6

moves mucus up in the respiratory system

Question 7

Does IgA have a greater effect in the upper or the lower respiratory system?

Answer 7

IgA has a greater impact in the upper respiratory system

Question 8

Does IgG have a greater effect in the upper or the lower respiratory system?

Answer 8

IgG has a greater impact in the lower respiratory system

Question 9

What is the function of type 1 (p1) pneumocytes?

Answer 9

Form part of the alveolar diffusion barrier

Question 10

What is the function of the type 2 (p2) pneumocytes?

Answer 10

They secrete surfactant. They are able to divide and replace the type 1 cells.

Question 11

What is the difference between restrictive respiratory failure and obstructive respiratory failure?

Answer 11

Restrictive RF = thoracic/pulmonary process that is restricting in expansion

Obstructive RF = pulmonary processes obstructing ventilation/elastic recoil