Musculoskeletal 2 Flashcards
Complete the image shown below:
- creatinine kinase
- phosphocreatinine
What is the half life of creatine kinase?
6 hours
What does a persistent elevation of CK indicate?
Ongoing muscle injury
Provide a physiological and a pathological example of where serum CK will be elevated:
- 4-5 time increase in excercised animals
- Increased in cases of snake bite (Rhadomyolysis)
What is increased AST an indicator of?
skeletal muscle and/or liver injury
When will false positives of AST be observed?
- Presence of haemolysis, anticonvulscents, corticosteroids
Which line shows CK and which line shows AST (assume this is after an acute muscle injury)?
What is the half life of alanine aminotrasnferase (ALT)? When is it released into serum? What species is it more specific in?
Long half-life - 2.5 days
Released into serum with liver damage + muscle damage
More liver specific in dogs + cats. More muscle specific horses + ruminants
Where is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) found?
Liver, heart and skeletal muscle
When is myoglobin released?
Damaged muscles release myoglobin protein into plasma
What is the effect of myoglobin release into the kidneys?
Renal tubular necrosis causes acute renal failure
When is creatinine?
Product of muscle metabolism - waste product of creatinine
Name the condition below then:
i) What clinical signs would be seen
ii) What is a test you could perform to affirm your diagnosis?
Masticatory myositis
i) Exophthalmos, muscle atrophy, unable to open jaw under GA
ii) 2M antibody test
What would alkaline phosphatase increase be seen:
i) Physiologically
ii) Pathologically
i) Young and growing animals
ii) Fracture repair
Breifly describe the appearance of normal joint fluid:
- Transparent
- Colourless - light straw colour
- Viscous
- Low volume
- Low cellularity
- Total protein
- Does not clot - can become gelatinous
