Diagnostic cytology Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the best lymph nodes to sample?
Popliteal and prescapular nodes - submandibular have higher exposure to antigenic stimulation
What are the five different types of lymph node findings that can be seen?
- Normal findings
- Hyperplastic/reactive change
- Inflammation/necrosis
- Lymphoma
- Non-lymphoid (metastatic) neoplasia
What are the findings that will be observed in a “normal” lymph node?
- Normal lymph nodes - 75-85% well-differentiated lymphocytes - 1 to 1.5 times size of erythrocytes
- 5-10% intermediate (medium) lymphocytes - 1.5 to 3 times size of RBC
What is your diagnosis for a lymph node with this appearance?
Normal lymph node
Name the lymph node finding shown below:
Lymphoblast
Name the lymph node finding that is shown below:
Plasma cell
Name the lymph node finding that is shown below:
Macrophage
How big are lymphoblasts in comparison to an erythrocyte?
Lymphoblasts are generally 2 to 4 times the size of an erythrocyte and are larger than a neutrophil
Name the finding that is shown below:
Lymphoblasts - generally 2 to 4 times the size of an erythrocyte
In what ratios should plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells be found in normal lymph nodes?
- Plasma cells (<3%)
- Macrophages (occasional)
- Neutrophils (<1%)
- Eosinophils (<1%)
- Mast cells (<1%)
What finding will be seen in reactive lymph nodes?
- Intermediate and large lymhocytes - increased number up to 15-20%
- Plasma cells vary from none to 5-10%
- Macropahges greater than 2%
What cells are shown in the red arrows below?
Increased plasma cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes
What cell type is shown below (red arrows)?
The cell type shown are lymphoblasts
What are the two different ways that lymphadenitis can arise?
Lymphadenitis is inflammation of the lymph node and may be:
- Primary = node itself is inflammed or necrotic
- Secondary = node is draining an area of inflammation/necrosis
What term describes a lymph node with neutrophils >5%?
Purulent lymphadenitis
