Repro 1

Question 1

What is the function of spermatogonia?

Answer 1

Formed from germ stem cells - form sperm by the process of spermatogenesis

Question 2

What is the function of sertoli cells:

Answer 2

Supportive cells - produce nutrients, cytokines to support spermatogenesis (also support the blood testis barrier

Question 3

What is the function of Leydig cells?

Answer 3

Produce testosterone - maintaining secondary sex characteristics

Question 4

Why is maintaining the blood testis barrier important and what are the consequences if this breaks down?

Answer 4

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier is critically important - the body recognises as foreign so spermatic granulomas form in the event of degeneration of this barrier

Question 5

What is the term for inflammation of the penis?

Answer 5

Phallitis = inflammation of the penis

Question 6

What is the term for inflammation of the glans?

Answer 6

Balantitis

Question 7

What is the term for inflammation of the prepuce?

Answer 7

Posthitis

Question 8

Name the condition below and the aetiologic agent that caused it:

Answer 8

Penile fibropapilloma - BPV1

Question 9

Provide three differentials for the lesion that is shown below:

Answer 9

1. Penile squamous cell carcinoma - induced by UV or malignant transformation of a papillomavirus induced papilloma
2. Chronic granulomatous phallitis
3. Habronemiasis (caused by flies depositing larvae around mouth + penis)

Question 10

Name the condition that is shown below and provide a pathogenesis for it:

Answer 10

Necrotic posthitis (pizzle rot)

Caused by urease producing bacteria: Occurs where the diet is high in protein > urea > production of urease producing bacteria (can become so severe that inflammation blocks the urethra)

Question 11

Name the condition that is shown below and provide a pathogenesis for it:

Answer 11

Preputial diverticulitis: significant problem in boars - boars are the only animal witha. diverticulum (sac like space in the prepuce)

The tip of the penis deflects up into the orifice due to malformation (congential or acquired) > trauma of diverticulum > secondary infection

Question 12

Name the condition that is shown below and state how it is spread:

Answer 12

Transmissible venereal tumour: tumour has arisen from specific alteration of canine histiocytes > transmitted dog to dog by contact of tissue with other animals

Question 13

What is inflammation of the testicle called?

Answer 13

Orchitis

Question 14

What is inflammation of the epididymus called?

Answer 14

Epididymitis

Question 15

What is the lesion that is shown below called and what could be a potential consequence of it?

Answer 15

Cryptorchidism - more likely to be neoplastic

Question 16

What is the name of the condition that is shown below and what could be a potential consequence?

Answer 16

Epididymitis - given that it is only a single coiled duct any lesion that obstructs outflow has the potential to cause granulomatous inflammation of the surrounding connective tissue

Cause: Brucella canis

Question 17

Name the condition that is shown below and provide a possible aetiological agent:

Answer 17

Chronic necrosupprative orchitis + epididymitis - very severe examples

Question 18

Name the condition that is shown below in the pig testis and provide an example of an aetiological agent that may be responsible:

Answer 18

Porcine epidyo-orchitis - Glassers disease - Haemophillus parasuis

Question 19

Name the condition that is shown below and provide an example of a disease that may have caused this:

Answer 19

Ovine epididymo-orchitis caused by Brucella Melitensis - notifiable and zoonotic

Question 20

Name the condition that is shown below and:

1. State how it appear (colour + texture)
2. A condition that may predipose an animal to this
3. A potential clinical sign that may be seen

Answer 20

Sertoli cell tumour

1. White and firm
2. Crypto-orchidism could predipose to this
3. Hyperestrogenism is a potential clinical sign that may be seen

Question 21

Name the condition that is shown below and provide and describe how it would feel:

Answer 21

Interstitual cell tumour - appears yellow + soft to the touch

Question 22

Name the condition that is shown below in the testicle and state how it would feel and what colour it would be:

Answer 22

Seminoma - white and soft

Question 23

Name the condition shown in the testicle below and state the conditions that must be met for it to be this:

Answer 23

Teratoma - ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm - must involve two of these layers to be a teratoma

Question 24

What is inflammation of the accesory glands?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the accessory glands = adenitis (prostatitis or seminal vesiculitis)

Question 25

What is the condition that is shown below called? + provide a pathogenesis of it:

Answer 25

Seminal vesiculitis - Ascending or descending route of infection - trauma to the penis as a result of fighting

Question 26

What is the cause of bulbourethral and prostatic metaplasia?

Answer 26

Male sheep grazing clover that is high in estrogens

Question 27

Name the lesion that is shown below:

Answer 27

Canine Prostatic Hyperplasia - Bilaterally symmetrical and smooth - problem with urination \> Stranguria, Dysuria, Pollakiuria, Tenesmus (rectal pain), Dyschaezia

Question 29

Name the condition that is shown below:

Answer 29

Intra-prostatic cysts - assymetric and fluid filled

Question 30

Name the condition that is shown below and provide an example of an aetiological agent that may be responsible:

Answer 30

Prostatitis - necro-haemorrhagic prostatitis - could potentially be caused E.coli - through an asending route - commonly implicated as a cause