Dermatology Lecture 3

Question 1

What team normally conducts staging?

Answer 1

staging is a multifacetes team effort (medical, surgical, imaging, cytology and hamatology)

Question 2

What team typically conducts grading?

Answer 2

Grading = done based on histopathology alone (only for select neoplasms and in some species)

Question 3

What are the three different types of staging that are conducted?

Answer 3

1. Simple/basic staging - detailed physical examination - looking for cutaneous and regional lymph node involvement
2. Complete staging = basic staging + diagnositic imaging - if suggestive of metastasis then move onto extended staging
3. Extended staging = cytological/histopathological examination of suspected metastatic lesion and compare to primary mass histopathology

Question 4

What are the stages involved in grading?

Answer 4

Species specific scales that can be used to estimate probable biological behaviour of a particular neoplasm - enables selection of appropriate therapeutic options

Question 5

What type of structures are cysts able to arise from?

Answer 5

• Hair follicles, apocrine/eccrine gland and sebaceous gland ducts

Question 6

Provide an example of four different types of cysts:

Answer 6

1. Isthmus cyst
2. Infindubular cyst
3. Dilated pore of Winer
4. Keratoma
5. Apocrine cyst
6. Apocrine cystadenoma

Question 7

What is a haemartoma and what is an example of it?

Answer 7

• Benign tumour-like nodules composed of disorganised and excessive components of normal mature tissue - e.g fibroadnexal haemartoma

Question 8

Name the lesion that is shown below given that it was found to have no viral component to it - state whether this is neoplastic or non-neoplastic:

Answer 8

Idiopathic squamous papilloma - this is not a neoplastic lesion

Question 9

Name the lesion that is shown below:

Answer 9

Cutaneous horn

Question 10

Name the lesion that is shown in the image below:

Answer 10

Fibroepithelial polyp (skin tag)

Question 11

Are viral pailloma’s considered to be:

A. Non neoplastic

B. Benign Neoplastic

C. Chronic neoplastic lesions?

Answer 11

B. They are considered as benign epithelial neoplasms

Question 12

In a horse that had viral papilloma’s what other neoplasms would you be considering?

Answer 12

1. Malignant neoplasm
2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation due to infectious causes
3. Hyperplasia

Question 13

What are the four most commonly encountered benign/malignant dermal lesions of hair follicles that are seen?

Answer 13

1. Infunbibular keratinising ancanthoma (IKA)
2. Trichoepithelioma
3. Trichoblastoma
4. Pilomatricoma

Question 14

What procedure is protective against benign/malignant dermal lesions of the mammary glands?

Answer 14

Early ovariectomy is protective

Question 15

Name the tumour that is shown below and state whether it is benign or a malignant neoplasm:

Answer 15

Plasma cell tumour - benign - can be cured by complete surgical excision

Question 16

Name the neoplasm below and then:

i. State benign/malignant
ii. Cell origin
iii. Approrpiate method of treatement

Answer 16

This is a canine cutanous histiocytoma:

i. This is a benign neoplasm
ii) It is of Langerhan cell origin
iii) Nothing needs to be done - often T-cell response will lead to spontaneous regression of this lesion

Question 17

For histiocytic sarcoma:

i. State the origin
ii. Whether it is benign or malignant
iii. The best possible prognosis if the lesion is treated early with complete surgical incision or limb amputation
iv. Breed predispostion

Answer 17

i. The origin of this tumour is interstitual dendritic cells
ii. Malignant
iii. Best possible prognosis for this lesion is 1-1.5 years if aggressive chemotherapy
iv. Bernese Mountain dogs

Question 18

Name the condition that is shown in the image below:

Answer 18

Canine cutamneous reactive histiocytosis

Question 19

What are the presetning signs of cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma?

Answer 19

1. Exfoliative and erythematous dermatitis
2. Plaques, nodules and mucocutaneous junction dipigmentation

Question 20

What is the neoplasm shown below indicative of?

Answer 20

Mast cell tumour

Question 21

How does the mitotic index impact the severity of mast cell tumours?

Answer 21

• MI < 4 is favourable prognosis
• MI >4 worse prognosis

Question 22

Name the neoplasm that is shown below given it had a mitotic rate <3 (benign):

Answer 22

Melanocytoma

Question 23

Name the most likely diagnosis for the neoplasm below given that is was found either on the oral/mucocutanous and ungually?

Answer 23

Melanoma (Malignant Melanoma)