Dermatology Lecture 3 Flashcards
What team normally conducts staging?
staging is a multifacetes team effort (medical, surgical, imaging, cytology and hamatology)
What team typically conducts grading?
Grading = done based on histopathology alone (only for select neoplasms and in some species)
What are the three different types of staging that are conducted?
- Simple/basic staging - detailed physical examination - looking for cutaneous and regional lymph node involvement
- Complete staging = basic staging + diagnositic imaging - if suggestive of metastasis then move onto extended staging
- Extended staging = cytological/histopathological examination of suspected metastatic lesion and compare to primary mass histopathology
What are the stages involved in grading?
Species specific scales that can be used to estimate probable biological behaviour of a particular neoplasm - enables selection of appropriate therapeutic options
What type of structures are cysts able to arise from?
- Hair follicles, apocrine/eccrine gland and sebaceous gland ducts
Provide an example of four different types of cysts:
- Isthmus cyst
- Infindubular cyst
- Dilated pore of Winer
- Keratoma
- Apocrine cyst
- Apocrine cystadenoma
What is a haemartoma and what is an example of it?
- Benign tumour-like nodules composed of disorganised and excessive components of normal mature tissue - e.g fibroadnexal haemartoma
Name the lesion that is shown below given that it was found to have no viral component to it - state whether this is neoplastic or non-neoplastic:
Idiopathic squamous papilloma - this is not a neoplastic lesion
Name the lesion that is shown below:
Cutaneous horn
Name the lesion that is shown in the image below:
Fibroepithelial polyp (skin tag)
Are viral pailloma’s considered to be:
A. Non neoplastic
B. Benign Neoplastic
C. Chronic neoplastic lesions?
B. They are considered as benign epithelial neoplasms
In a horse that had viral papilloma’s what other neoplasms would you be considering?
- Malignant neoplasm
- Chronic granulomatous inflammation due to infectious causes
- Hyperplasia
What are the four most commonly encountered benign/malignant dermal lesions of hair follicles that are seen?
- Infunbibular keratinising ancanthoma (IKA)
- Trichoepithelioma
- Trichoblastoma
- Pilomatricoma
What procedure is protective against benign/malignant dermal lesions of the mammary glands?
Early ovariectomy is protective
Name the tumour that is shown below and state whether it is benign or a malignant neoplasm:
Plasma cell tumour - benign - can be cured by complete surgical excision
Name the neoplasm below and then:
i. State benign/malignant
ii. Cell origin
iii. Approrpiate method of treatement
This is a canine cutanous histiocytoma:
i. This is a benign neoplasm
ii) It is of Langerhan cell origin
iii) Nothing needs to be done - often T-cell response will lead to spontaneous regression of this lesion
For histiocytic sarcoma:
i. State the origin
ii. Whether it is benign or malignant
iii. The best possible prognosis if the lesion is treated early with complete surgical incision or limb amputation
iv. Breed predispostion
i. The origin of this tumour is interstitual dendritic cells
ii. Malignant
iii. Best possible prognosis for this lesion is 1-1.5 years if aggressive chemotherapy
iv. Bernese Mountain dogs
Name the condition that is shown in the image below:
Canine cutamneous reactive histiocytosis
What are the presetning signs of cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma?
- Exfoliative and erythematous dermatitis
- Plaques, nodules and mucocutaneous junction dipigmentation
What is the neoplasm shown below indicative of?
Mast cell tumour
How does the mitotic index impact the severity of mast cell tumours?
- MI < 4 is favourable prognosis
- MI >4 worse prognosis
Name the neoplasm that is shown below given it had a mitotic rate <3 (benign):
Melanocytoma
Name the most likely diagnosis for the neoplasm below given that is was found either on the oral/mucocutanous and ungually?
Melanoma (Malignant Melanoma)
