Neurology Lecture One

Question 1

What are the generic forebrain signs seen (4 of them)?

Answer 1

1. Seizures
2. Changes in behaviour and/or level of consciousness
3. Contralateral blindness
4. Contralateral abnormalities of movement + posture (postural reactions and spinal reflexes)

Question 2

What are the cerebellar signs seen (5 of them)?

Answer 2

1. Normal mental status
2. Intention tremors (head and eyes)
3. Hypermetria + preserved strength
4. Ataxia + wide based stance
5. Loss of menace + preserved vision

Question 3

What are the brainstem signs that are seen?

Answer 3

1. Cranial nerve deficits (various)
2. Proprioceptive deficits – ipsilateral or all of limbs
3. Hemi or tetra-paresis
4. Central vestibular signs
5. Stupor or coma
6. Abnormalities respiratory + cardiovascular function

Question 4

What are the signs of central vestibular disease?

Answer 4

Horizontal, rotary or vertical with fast phase in any direction

Question 5

What are the signs of peripheral vestibular disease?

Answer 5

Horizontal or rotary with fast phase away from the side of the lesion