Reinforcement pt.2

Question 1

What is “Temptation-bundling”

Answer 1

making a desirable behaviour contingent on performing a less desirable behaviour

Eg. listening to a favourite podcast (desirable) while washing the dishes (undesirable)

Question 2

What is the difference between a unconditioned and an conditioned reinforcer (primary vs secondary)

Answer 2

Primary (unconditioned) = eg. food, water, absence of pain…(don’t need to be trained to want these things)

Secondary (conditioned) = eg. money…we need to learn (be conditioned) to want this

Question 3

what is the “reward value”

Answer 3

how valuable the reward is to the individual, the quality and quantity of the reinforcer

Question 4

What are Motivating Operations (MO’s)

Answer 4

Antecedent events that can alter the effectiveness of reinforcement

eg. social (presence of an attractive person), physiological (having a headache), environmental (quiet library for studying)

Question 5

What is the difference between an Establishing Operation (EO) and an Abolishing Operation (AO)
(subtypes of MO’s)

Answer 5

Establishing Operation = establishes/increases the effectiveness of a reinforcement
eg. food deprivation is an EO for food (the reinforcer)

Abolishing Operation = decreases the effectiveness on reinforcement
eg. being full is an (AO) for a food reinforcer

Question 6

What is a Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 6

reinforcement given to EVERY response

eg. putting money in a vending machine will get you cannot every time

Question 7

What is an intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Answer 7

only some responses are reinforced

eg. asking people out on a date (not everyone is gonna say yes)

Question 8

What is the difference between a Fixed Ratio (FR) and a Variable Ratio (VR)

Answer 8

Fixed ratio = a reinforcement is given after a set of number responses (eg. salesperson gets a bonus every time they sell 10 cars

Variable Ratio = reinforcement is given after a random number of responses
eg.slot machines

Question 9

What is the difference between a Fixed Interval (FI) and a Variable Interval (VI)

Answer 9

Fixed Interval = reinforcement is given after a certain length of time

Variable Interval = reinforcement is given after a variable length of time

Question 10

What is Token Reinforcement

Answer 10

when tokens are exchanged for good behaviour

Question 11

How does “timing” effect the effectiveness of reinforcement

Answer 11

reinforcements should occur soon after the behaviour (very important)