Observing & Recording Behaviour pt.3

Question 1

What is Continuous Recording

Answer 1

recording every instance of a clients behaviour during the entire observation period eg.number of cigarettes smoked a day

• suitable if each response has similar duration and behaviour occurs at low rates

Question 2

What are the pros and cons of Continuous Recording

Answer 2

Pro = provides actual measurement of behaviour and well suited for self-monitoring

Con = labour intensive, can be impractical and impossible

Question 3

What is Interval Recording

Answer 3

recording target behaviour within successive intervals of equal duration

• suitable for for responses with variable durations or high rates
  eg.checking your phone

Question 4

What is “Partial” interval recording

Answer 4

Recording behaviour a maximum of once per interval regardless of how many times it actually occurred

Question 5

What is “Whole” interval recording

Answer 5

recording behaviour only of it persists the entire interval (doesn’t stop)

• good for behaviours with long durations

Question 6

What is “Time-sample” recording

Answer 6

A type of interval recording where you record behaviour during intervals that are separated from each other

eg. record if child talks during a 1 minute interval…every 10 minutes

Question 7

What is an ABC Observation Data Sheet

Answer 7

a chart used to identify and record antecedents, behaviours, and consequences

Question 8

What is an Interobserver Agreement (IOA)

Answer 8

when two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events.
it is highly consistent and reveals biases of an observer

Question 9

How do you get the frequency % of IOA

Answer 9

smaller count/larger count x 100

Question 10

How do you get the Duration/Latency % of IOA

Answer 10

shorter time/larger time x 100

Question 11

How do you get the Interval/time stamp recording % of IOA

Answer 11

Number of agreements / Number of agreements + disagreements x 100

(agreements divided by total times 100)

both agree or disagree if the behaviour is happening or not

Question 12

What are the 6 rights clients have

Answer 12

1. a therapeutic environment
2. services who’s overriding goal is personal welfare
3. treatment by a competent behaviour analysis
4. programs that teach functional skills
5. behavioural assessment and ongoing evaluation
6. the most “effective” treatment procedures available

Question 13

What are 2 dimensions of evaluation (evaluating efficacy)

Answer 13

Generalization - does the behaviour occur on different situations other then the training context

Maintenance - how long does the behaviour remain altered

Question 14

What is “Clinical Significance of Change”

Answer 14

does the individual benefit from the treatment in a meaningful/effective way

(do they still feel like they need to continue therapy)

Question 15

What is a side-effect

Answer 15

a result that is secondary to the active treatment

eg.eating candy as reinforcement for studying leads to weight gain

Question 16

What is a “trade-off”

Answer 16

going without one aspect leads to a gain in another

eg.increased studying improves GPA VS weight gain

Question 17

What is the “revenge effect” or “perverse incentive”

Answer 17

ironic and unintended consequence of treatment, also called the cobra effect

The British government were concerned about venomous cobras and offered a bounty for each killed, so some bred cobras, and when the program was terminated, the cobra breeders released them

Question 18

What is Activity-based Anorexia

Answer 18

a type of revenge effect where, due to increases in physical activity, animals/humans show reductions in food intake

Question 19

What is a “Health-halo effect”

Answer 19

when people underestimate the calories/unhealthiness of something based on a single claim

Question 20

What is the cost-benefit ratio

Answer 20

asking whether the benefits of the treatment are larger than the costs required to conduct the treatment