Prompting & Transfer of Stimulus Control Flashcards
Explain how the therapist used PROMPTING on Jan, who would not feed herself
First he demonstrated how he does it, then he did it for Jan (by holding her hand and moving it) while praising her when she did it.
Then he slowly moved his hand to her wrists, her elbow, and then did not contact her at all. Eventually she was able to do it by herself
What is Prompting
Giving stimuli before (or during) performance of a behaviour to increase the likelihood that a person will engage in the target behaviour the correct way and at the correct time (giving assistance)
What is Response Prompt
behaviour of another person that evokes the behaviour from the target person
What is Verbal Prompt
hints, instructions, commands, or any other spoken words used to guide behaviour
What are Gestural Prompts
Physical movements that indicate how, where, or what behaviour to perform
eg. pointing to food and Childs mouth)
What is Modelling prompt
demonstration of the entire target behaviour by another person
What us Physical Guidance Prompt
Another person physically assists in the target behaviour
What is Three-Step Prompting
using verbal, modelling, then physical guidance prompts
What is a Stimulus Prompt
Another stimulus is added, removed, or SD is altered
What is a Within-Stimulus Prompt
Changing then SD in someway (location, dimension, size, shape, etc)
What is a Extra-Stimulus Prompt
Adding a stimulus to the SD
What are Picture prompts and what are Auditory prompts
Picture = Drawings or photos
Auditory = sounds (not words)
What are Environmental Prompts
alterations or additions to the physical environment
eg. changing the seating arrangement in a classroom
What is a “Transfer of Stimulus Control”
When prompts are faded, reduced, or eliminated so that target behaviour occurs to the normal SD alone
What is Fading
gradual elimination of promoting so that it is eventually not needed
What is RESPONSE prompt fading
when the response prompt is gradually lessened
What is Fading WITHIN prompt
Same prompt is used but is decreased in magnitude
eg. teacher shows flash card with the word blueberry, and her prompts are reduced from saying blueberry, to blue-, to b-
What is Fading ACROSS prompts
The prompt is change according to a prompt hierarchy
What is Most-to-Least Prompting and Fading, and what us Least-to-Most
Most to least: prompts changing to most intrusive to less intrusive
Least to most is the opposite
What is Shadowing
teachers hand follows learners movement without contact
What is Spacial Fading
focus of guidance (eg.teachers hand contact) changes from fingers, to hand, to wrist, to elbow, etc.
What is Prompt Delay
Present SD, wait a few seconds, and if target behaviour does not occur, provide the prompt
What are the 7 steps of Using Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control
- choose a prompting strategy
- get the learners attention
- present the SD
- if SD doesn’t work, use the prompting
- Reinforce the correct behaviour
- Transfer stimulus control
- continue to reinforce
When are physical prompts appropriate
When verbal prompts of modelling prompts are ineffective
What is Physical prompting also called
physical guidance
Presenting the SD, prompting the response, and providing a reinforcers is called a _______ _______. You repeat this multiple times and provide less prompting each time.
Learning Trial
