APPLYING PUNISHMENT

Question 1

What is the difference between Extinction and Negative Punishment

Answer 1

In extinction, there is no reinforcer, it just stops,
In negative punishment, the reinforcer is removed or withdrawn specifically for punishment

Question 2

What is a “Time-out”

Answer 2

The person is removed from access to the reinforcers

Question 3

What is “Response Cost”

Answer 3

A reinforcer is taken away from the person

Question 4

What is a “Non-exclusionary” time out vs an “Exclusionary” time out

Answer 4

Exclusionary time out = after an undesirable behaviour, the person is removed from the room/location and is denied access to reinforcers

Non-exclusionary time out = after an undesirable behaviour, the person remains in the same room/location, but is denied access to reinforcers

Question 5

What is Contingent Observation?

Answer 5

A type of non-exclusionary time out where the person is denied access to reinforcers and has to observe others engaging in activities

Question 6

What is an “Isolation” Time out?

Answer 6

A type of exclusionary time out where the person is removed from the environment in which the reinforcers are available so that they are alone
eg.breaking the rules in prison leads to solitary confinement

Question 7

What are time out rooms (isolation time-out) used for

Answer 7

intended to help a person calm down, or a last resort if the behaviour dangers others or themselves

Question 8

What are other names for time out isolation rooms?

Answer 8

Quiet rooms, Cool-down rooms, Calming rooms, Seclusion rooms

Question 9

What are the 6 guidelines for the time-out rooms that are often violated

Answer 9

1. Should be at least 6x6 (feet)
2. Properly lighted (not dark)
3. Properly ventilated
4. Free of objects or fixtures that can be harmful
5. Audio or visual monitoring so a supervisor can see what’s going on (eg.window)
6. Not locked

Question 10

What are some issues with Time-Out (2)

Answer 10

1. Time out doesn’t work with negative reinforcement or automatic reinforcement
2. Time out decreases undesirable behaviours but desirable behaviours aren’t encouraged

Question 11

What is response cost?

Answer 11

The removal of a reinforcer after an undesirable behaviour eg.paying a fine for parking illegally

Question 12

What does “Applying Aversive Activities” do? (positive punishment)

Answer 12

It acts as a punisher and involves a low-probably behaviour that the person does not enjoy doing (ex.exercise)

Question 13

What are the 4 types of Adverse Activities

Answer 13

1. Overcorrection
2. Contingent Exercise
3. Guided Compliance
4. Physical Restraint