Reinforcement Flashcards
The 6-year-old boy Danny was uncooperative with his parents because he had commanding behaviours, how was this fixed (what was the behavioural treatment plan)
- sessions were conducted in an observation room
- commanding behaviours were ignored by the mother
- cooperative behaviours were support and responded to by mother
Explain was E. L. Thorndike did with a hungry cat
He placed it into an escapable puzzle box with a plate of fish outside the box.
The cat would eventually open the box (using trial and error) and the behaviours became quicker our time
Ensured the Law of Effect = behaviour followed by pleasant consequences is likely too occur again
What is the Definition of “Operant”
functioning or tending to produce effects
What is “Operant Conditioning”
Manipulating consequences of behaviour (to increase or decrease a behaviour)
What is Reinforcement
when the consequence of behaviour strengthens the behaviour (so the behaviour is more likely to occur in the future or occurs more quickly)
What is the difference between a Positive Reinforcement and a Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement = a situation where behaviour is followed by a pleasant stimulus
Negative Reinforcement = a situation where behaviour is followed by the removal of an unpleasant reinforcement
What are the 2 subtypes of negative reinforcement
- Escape Behaviour = removal of an existing stimulus (when you feel cold, you put on a sweater)
- Avoidance Behaviour = preventing the presentation of an existing stimulus (before you go outside, you put on a sweater)
What is a Natural reinforcement
occurs spontaneously as part of everyday life
eg. your friend laughs when you tell a joke
What is a Programmed Reinforcement
planned and systematic
eg. giving yourself rewards as part of a self-management program
What is a Social Reinforcement
involves another person delivering reinforcing consequences
eg. a teacher praises a student for doing good on a test
What is an Autonomic Reinforcement
Getting reinforcement directly from the environment
eg. itching a scratch makes it go away
What is a Tangible/Material Reinforcement
access to a preferred object
eg. getting toys/stickers for goof behaviour
What is Activity/Premack Reinforcement
engaging on a preferred behaviour (as a treat) after doing a non-proffered. behaviour
eg. after studying for an hour, you play video games for an hour
What is a “Reinforcer”
A stimulus, object, or event that strengthens a behaviour
