Q1 - PEH3 🏃 Flashcards
Is part of human civilization. In the past, empires send forth a “champion” to fight other champions in a competition or battle, reducing the death toll to a minimum as supposed to thousands. Eventually this became a form of entertainment, as well as an avenue to practice & show physical prowess & skill.
Sports
Sports, by nature, is made up of rules. These rules are put in place for several reasons (3):
- Rules are set for safety
- Rules are set up for a sport or game to be playable.
- The rules exist so that the sport is marketable.
Skill, strength, speed, power, agility, reaction time, competitive acumen. These characteristics can be shown as competitors try to best each other given a set of parameters that will minimize, if not totally eliminate & harm to each other & to everyone.
Rules are set for safety
e.g., boundary lines are usually put in place to eliminate players who run away. This might sound too simplistic unless we think of specific situation. Imagine laying basketball without an outside line. Once a team scores, the next time they have ball possession, they can just dribble the ball away & wait it out. The same logic goes from time. If there are no time constraints, then a basketball team will not have the need to drive the ball to the other side of the court & shoot the ball. In boxing, or most martial arts, a player needs to attack given an allowed amount of time. In weight lifting, the participant needs to lift the weight within a given time after his / her name is called by the officials.
Rules are set up for a sport or game to be playable
A sport that is not understood by the audience alienates that audience. If the spectator is watching & knows the rules, then the spectator is drawn into the game. The thrill of winning or agony of losing is shared by the players & the audience. When the audience knows the rules, the demonstration of skills, technique, prowess, strength, & all bases for the sport, they will want to watch & engage. This will help the sport gain popularity.
The rules exist so that the sport is marketable
It can be done in any form as long as it requires the body to move. It refers to any expenditure of energy brought about by bodily movement via the skeletal muscles
Physical Activity
TYPES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES (3):
- Aerobic
- Muscle & Bone Strengthening
- Balance Strengthening
Types of Physical Activities
It targets the body’s cardiopulmonary system.
Aerobic
- It can be moderate or vigorous in intensity. Vigorous activities take more effort than moderate ones. For Moderate activities, an individual can talk while doing this activity.
- It stimulates the heart rate & breathing rate to increase in a way that can be sustained for exercise session.
- It improves fitness & benefits both physical & emotional health.
Aerobic
It makes the muscles & bones stronger.
Muscle-& Bone-Strengthening
Types of Physical Activities
It promotes bone growth & strength.
Muscle-& Bone-Strengthening
It involves having muscles work or hold against a force or some weight.
Muscle-& Bone Strengthening
Types of Physical Activities
It allows the different parts of the body such as legs, back, chest, stomach, shoulders, & arms to work.
Muscle-& Bone-Strengthening
Types of Physical Activities
e.g., sit ups, lunges, squats, weight lifting
Muscle-& Bone-Strengthening
Types of Physical Activities
e.g., running, swimming, walking, hiking, etc.
Aerobic
Types of Physical Activities
It enhances physical stability & flexibility, which reduces risk of injuries caused by activities such as stretching, dancing, yoga, & martial arts.
Balance Strengthening
It is also known as “core strengthening activities”. The core is the muscles that surrounded the trunk of the body. Without strong trunk muscles, an individual is more likely to suffer from chronic back pain, lose balance & falls, & be prone to injury.
Balance Strengthening
These are movement patterns that involve different body parts such as legs, arms, trunk, & head. Includes skills such as running, hopping, catching, throwing, striking, & balancing.
Body Movement Skills
These are the foundation movements or precursor patterns to the specialized & complex skills used in play, games, sports, dance & etc.
Body Movement Skills
Categories (Body Movement Skills 3):
- Body Management
- Locomotor
- Object Control
It involves balancing the body in stillness & in motion.
Body Management
Body Movement Skills
e.g., Rolling, Stopping, Bending, Twisting, Landing, Stretching, Climbing, Skipping, Turning
Body Management
It involves transporting the body in any direction from one point to another.
Locomotor
Body Movement Skills
e.g., Crawling, Running, Galloping, Walking, Hopping
Locomotor
It requires controlling tools or objects either by hand or foot.
Object Control
Body Movement Skills
e.g., Throwing, Catching, Striking, Bouncing, Dribbling
Object Control
Balance strengthening examples:
A. Stand on one foot
B. Toe Stand
C. Head to toe stand
D. Balance walk
Badminton is traceable to ____, where it was known as “____”.
English army officers introduced the game in England around 1870.
India
Poona
The original Indian rules governed the activity until 1887 when the ____ ________ ____ laid down its own regulations.
Bath Badminton Club
After being introduced in the U.S. in 1890, a wave of popularity carried it to its present status. Then, the game is controlled by the ________ ________ ________.
American Badminton Association
Nowadays, ________ can be defined as a court game that can be played either singles or doubles by men, women, or mixed pairs.
badminton
It is a racket sport played by either two (2) opposing players or two (2) opposing pairs who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court divided by a net
Badminton
It can be played either indoors or on outdoor courts as a fun game or at highly competitive level.
Badminton
Badminton basics:
- Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racket / racquet so that it passes over the net & lands in their opponents’ half of the court.
- Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.
It is quite light & can be made of wood, aluminum, metal, or synthetic materials such as granite or carbon.
Racket
A badminton racket weighs roughly ____ grams & is ____ cm in length.
80-100 g
68 cm
The ____ of the racket is the ring of the material that holds the strings in place.
head
It can be oval or more rounded, & has holes in its perimeter though which the strings are laced.
Head of a Racket
The ____ connects the head to the shaft.
throat
It may be a separate triangular piece at the base of the head, or may actually be integrated into the head itself.
Throat
The ____ is the long rod between the throat & handle.
Shaft
Often made of a composite material such as graphite, the ____ can be stiffer or more flexible based on the needs of the player.
shaft
The ____ connects to the shaft & is used to hold the racket.
handle
The handle is covered with a material called the ____.
grip
The body of the racket itself is called the ____.
frame
The frame includes head, the throat, shaft, & the handle. It is more than ____ (2 ft., 2 ¼ in.) or wider than ____ (9 in.)
680 mm
230 mm
It is the official name given to the shuttle or bird.
Shuttlecock
Shuttlecock:
Originally, it is made up of ____ goose feathers & is firmly fixed in a leather covered cork head. It weighs from 4.74-5.50 grams. It may be made of feathers, plastic, or nylon.
16
Shuttlecock:
Originally, it is made up of 16 goose feathers & is firmly fixed in a leather covered cork head. It weighs from ____ grams. It may be made of feathers, plastic, or nylon.
4.74-
5.50 grams
Shuttlecock:
Originally, it is made up of 16 goose feathers & is firmly fixed in a leather covered cork head. It weighs from 4.74-5.50 grams. It may be made of ____ ____ or ____.
feathers,
plastic, or nylon
It consists of 16 goose feathers or may also be made of plastic or nylon.
Skirt
It is 25-28 mm in diameter, & is rounded on the bottom.
Cork Base
Cork Base:
It is ____ mm in diameter, & is rounded on the bottom.
25-28
Parts of a shuttlecock (2):
Skirt
Cork base
Parts of a Racket (5):
- Head
- Throat
- Shaft
- Handle
- Frame
fa
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Facilities and Equipments during Badminton (3):
- Racket
- Shuttlecock
- Badminton Court
Although badminton can be set outdoors, competitive badminton generally played indoors where the wind & other elements will not affect the shuttle.
Court
It is 8 ft. of the court including the back alley.
Backcourt
It is the back boundary line at each end of the court parallel to the net & the doubles long service line.
Baseline or Backline
In singles, it is the back boundary line. In doubles, the line 2 ½ ft. inside the boundary line. Any serve landing behind this line is out.
Long Service Line
The middle third of the court from the short service line to the back third, a distance of about 7 ½ ft.
Mid-court
Parts of the Badminton Court (4):
- backcourt
- backline or bseline
- long service line
- mid-court
The ____ should stand 1.55 m. (5ft. 1 in.) in height from the surface of the court. They must be placed on the doubles side line.
post
The ____ should be strained tightly at all times so that its height from the floor is 1.524 m. (5 ft.) in the center & 1.55 m. (5 ft. 1 in.) at the post.
net
A ________ ____, 1.524 m. (5 ft.) long, should be kept by the umpires chair to facilitate regular testing to ensure that the net is still at its correct central height & has not sagged.
measuring rod
Underhand stroke to start game play.
Serve
Overhand stroke driving the bird high & deep into the opponent’s court.
Overhead Clear
Underhand stroke driving the bird high & deep into the opponent’s court.
Underhead Clear
A short shot in which just clear the net & falls close to the net in the opponent’s court.
Drop
An overhead stroke in which the bird travels at a downward angle.
Smash
A ____ consists of best of three (3) games of 21 points. The first match starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide whether they would serve or receive first, or what side of the court they want to be on. The losing player/s in the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
match
A match consists of best of ____ games of ____ points. The first match starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide whether they would serve or receive first, or what side of the court they want to be on. The losing player/s in the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
three (3)
21 points
Scoring system:
- The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
- At 20 all, the side which gains a two-point lead first, wins that game.
- At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
- The side winning a game serves first the next game.
Intervals and change ends:
- When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.
- A two-minute interval between each game is allowed.
- Players change ends after a game when a side scores 11 points.
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Points-Singles
- At the beginning of the game & when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left service court.
- If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point & then serves again from the alternate service court.
- If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point & becomes the new server. S/he serves from the appropriate service court – left if his / her score is odd, & right if it is even
Points-doubles:
- At the beginning of the game & when the score is even, the server from the right service court towards the right service court of the opponent.
- When it is odd, the server serves from the left service court towards the left service court of the opponent.
- If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point & the same server serves again from the alternate service court.
- If the receiver wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side.
- The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.
Rules in Badminton:
- At no time during the game should the player / s touch the net with their racket or body.
- The shuttlecock is allowed to touch the net only during the rally but not during serve. It means that if the bird hits the net as they cross during play is good & should play should be continued.
- But, if in serving, the shuttle touches the net, it is a “let,” provided the service is otherwise good & the bird is served again.
____ occurs when the rally stops & is replayed without changing the score or serving positions.
Let
let is called for but not limited to the following conditions:
- The server serves before the receiver is ready; during service, the receiver & the server are both faulted.
- After the service is returned, the shuttle is caught on the net & remains suspended on its top or after passing over the net is caught in the net.
- During play, the shuttlecock disintegrates & the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle.
- In the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach.
- A line judge is unsighted & the umpire is unable to make a decision; server or receiver on the wrong side & wins the rally.
- Any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred.
When a “let” occurs, play since the last service shall not count & the player:
- The shuttlecock should be carried on or come to rest on the racket. However, It is legal if the shuttlecock hits the wood or metal part of the racket.
- Player / s should not reach over the net to hit the shuttlecock.
- A serve must carry cross court or diagonally to be valid.
- During serve, the server should not step any of the lines of the court until s/he should not walk or jump into the serve. The shuttlecock must be served underhand; i.e. the base of the shuttlecock should be hit with the racket head clearly below the waist & below the hands that holds it. As such, the racket must move continuously forward. Faking the serve is not allowed.
- A point is added to score when a player or pair wins a rally. For example, when they strike the shuttlecock & it touches the floor of the opponent’s side of the court or when the opponent commits a fault.
The following are the most common types of fault:
- A player fails to hit the shuttlecock over the net.
- The shuttlecock lands outside the boundary of the court or falls into the wrong receiving court.
- The server’s or receiver’s feet are not within the boundaries of their serving or receiving court respectively.
- If the partner of the receiver takes the serve, which results to doubles play.
- If the shuttlecock is struck in return before it has crossed the net to his / her side. The follow through may break the plane of the net.
- The shuttlecock hits the ceiling.
- Each side can strike the shuttlecock only once before it passes over the net. Once hit, a player
- Can’t strike the shuttlecock in a new movement or shot.
- The shuttle landing n the line is considered “in” & good.
- A player should not serve until the opponent is ready, but if the receiver attempts to return the serve, s/he is considered ready & play continues.
- If in serving the server misses the shuttlecock, s/he may serve again providing the racket did not make any contact during the attempt.
- After the server is played by the receiving team, either partner may make a play on the shuttlecock during consecutive returns.
