Q1 - CNLE ⭐️ Flashcards
fiction = ____ (Latin) = “to form”
fictus
It is defined literature in the form of prose, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people by Merriam Webster.
Fiction
It is defined as based on stories of actual
historical events.
Nonfiction
It is also an account or
representation of a subject which is
presented as fact. This presentation may
be accurate or not; that is, it can give either
a true or a false account of the subject in
question. However, it is generally assumed
that the authors of such accounts believe
them to be truthful at the time of their
composition.
Nonfiction
Autobiographies and news
articles are great examples for this genre.
Nonfiction
CPR meaning
Character, Problem and Resolution
BME
Beginning, Middle, End
Include all the components of
a story or article that are not the main
body of text. These include the table of
contents, index, glossary, headings, bold
words, sidebars, pictures and captions, and
labeled diagrams.
Text features
May be used to refer
to formal English rules, structure, and content for
academic dialogue and text, and the
communicative conventions that allow students to
meet the demands of school environments.
Academic language
The specialized language, both oral and written,
of academic settings that facilitate
communication and thinking about disciplinary
content (Nagy & Townsend, 2012).
Academic language
Refers to the use of words in
a way that deviates from the conventional order
and meaning in order to convey a complicated
meaning, colorful writing, clarity, or evocative
comparison.
Figurative language
It uses an ordinary sentence to refer
to something without directly stating it.
Examples of this are simile, metaphor,
synecdoche, and many more.
Figurative language
OTHER TYPES OF CREATIVE
NONFICTION (5)
Personal Essay
Memoir
Travel Writing
Food Writing
Profiles
The writer crafts an essay that is based on
personal experience or a single event, which results in
significant personal meaning or a lesson learned. The
writer uses the first
person “I.”
Personal Essay
The writer constructs a true story about a time or
period in his/her life – one that had significant personal
meaning and a universal truth. The writer composes the
story using the first person “I.”
Memoir
The writer crafts articles or essays about travel
using literary devices.
Travel Writing
The writer crafts stories about food and cuisine
using literary devices.
Food Writing
The writer constructs biographies or essays
on real people using literary devices.
Profiles
Is the central idea of a piece of writing.
Theme
A particular subject or issue that is
discussed often or repeatedly (MerriamWebster)
Theme
The main subject that is being
discussed or described in a piece of
writing, a movie, etc. (Merriam-Webster)
Theme
It can be consciously explored or
simmering under the surface.
(Bradshaw, 2013)
Theme
The glue that underlies a
piece of writing. It‘s the central topic that the whole thing is based on.
(New Leaf Writing)
Theme
Making your own theme
5 items
- You can think of finding a theme
as setting an intention for your
writing. - Ask yourself the questions: How do
I want my reader to feel after
reading this piece? What do I want
them to do? What questions do I
want them to think about? These
questions will help you get clear on
your theme. - Once you have your theme, draft
your content around it. Start an
outline with ideas that illustrate
your theme. - Stories and examples are great ways to
propel your theme forward. They will elicit
emotion and bring heart and humanness to
your work. - Keep it simple. You don‘t have to go crazy
trying to identify a theme. Often when you
have an idea for content there‘s a theme
already under the surface, your job is to
tease it out and make sure it focuses the
rest of the work.
Importance of theme
4 items
- If a story lacks theme, the reader might
not connect with it. - It ties the character‘s concerns and
passions – the character‘s soul, figuratively
speaking – to the external plot, while
giving readers something to care about
and someone to root for. - Theme helps a good story become a
compelling one. - Theme allows readers to relate to the
characters and their struggles – and to
feel invested in the outcome.
It is a literary genre that talks about the
imaginative creation of the author, making the
readers entertained
Summary section
Fiction
It is the literary genre
that lets the readers be informed through its
realistic accounts by the use of the real-life events.
Summary section
Nonfiction
It is the central idea of a piece of writing. This
enables the readers be attached at to story and
makes the story do not just wonder on the eternal
abyss‘.
Summary section
Theme
They are far more general than the ____
of the story.
Themes
moral
It is a specific lesson that the author is trying to
teach.
Moral
It can be more generalized: there can also be more than one ____ in a story.
Theme
Readers uncover this as they go along, because
it consistently reappears throughout the work of
fiction (or nonfiction).
theme(s)
A ____ can be a ____, but the ____ doesn’t have to be the ____ of the story.
moral, theme
theme, moral
It is the underlying message that the writer would like to convey
Theme
It is a literary element that evokes certain feelings through words
and descriptions.
Mood
It can evoke an emotional
response from your readers, helping them connect
with your writing piece.
Mood
List of some common and popular literary
themes.
5 items
- Love
- Death
- Good vs. Evil
- Power and Corruption
- Individual vs. Society
One of the most popular topics covered not only in books, but in movies and music as well, it is a universal, multi-faceted theme that’s been explored
in a number of ways throughout the history of literature.
Love
(WALANG POREBER dejok “Love” lang yung sagot jan)
A novel by Emily Brontë
explores love in a different light,
highlighting the ways its intensity has
the power to disrupt and even
destroy lives.
Wuthering Heights
You’ll be hard-pressed to find many books that
don’t deal with this in some way or another.
Whether it’s an exploration of grief after the loss of a
loved one, an existential musing on the nature of
the life-and-death cycle, or a question about what,
if anything, comes ‘after’, this is a popular topic
across many genres.
Death
This novel written by John Green features teenage
characters coming to terms with their
mortality in the face of terminal illness.
The Fault in Our Stars
Particularly common in fantasy
series; generally feature a battle
between ____ and ____, in which
____, usually (but not always),
triumphs.
Good vs. Evil
This film trilogy by J.
R. R. Tolkien pits good
quite clearly against evil in
its tale of hobbits, elves
and men teaming up to
defeat the power-hungry
Sauron and his armies of
dark creatures.
The Lord of the Rings
Two concepts that go hand-in-hand, and are explored as a unified theme across many genres.
Power and Corruption
____ series by Suzanne Collins features a dystopian society with a
totalitarian government that uses its power to
mistreat, manipulate and even murder its citizens.
The Hunger Games
Revolves around a main character who is something of
an outsider, at odds with the society they live in; They’re
different from most, if not all of the people around them, and
they usually either struggle to fit in with society’s expectations
or rebel against them (sometimes both).
Individual vs. Society
A novel by George Orwell, perhaps the most famous
dystopian novel in the world, follows
protagonist Winston Smith as he rebels
against an oppressive government.
Nineteen Eighty-Four
Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë is an example of?
Love
The Fault in Our Stars is an example of?
Death
The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien is an example of?
Good vs. Evil
The Hunger Games series by Suzanne
Collins is an example of?
Power and Corruption
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George
Orwell is an example of?
Individual vs. Society
Quickly tells the reader what information they will learn about
Title
Shows students the different chapter or section titles and where they are located
table of contents
Directs students where to go in the text to find specific information on a topic, word, or person
index
identifies important vocabulary words for students and gives their definitions
glossary
help the reader identify the main idea for that section of text
headings or subtitles
are set apart from the main text, (usually located on the side or bottom of the page) and elaborate on a detail mentioned in the text
sidebars
show an important object or idea from the text
pictures and captions
allow readers to see detailed depictions of an object from the text with labels that teach the important components
labeled diagrams
represent and show data related to, or elaborate on, something in the main body of text
charts and graphs
help a reader locate a place in the world that is related to text
maps
allow readers to see inside something by dissolving part of a wall or to see all the layers of an object by bisecting it for viewing
Cutaways and cross sections
can show either a faraway view of something or a close-up shot of a minute detail
inset photos
TECHNIQUES IN
WRITING A
NONFICTION STORY (5)
- tell a memorable story
- bait your audience
- use emotional language
- say it simply
- surprise the reader
Humans have been fascinated by stories since the dawn
of time. We remember stories much better than abstract rules,
formulas or concepts. A post or essay will be stronger and more
relatable if you include little examples, experiences and
comparisons.
tell a memorable story
One strategy is beginning with a little personal or historical story.
Before the reader knows it, he will be halfway through your article.
You could also ask a question that moves your audience in a way
that you will put yourself in the reader’s shoes. For
example, if you write an article about how to save money, how about
you start it with “Isn’t it frustrating that at the end of any given month,
there is no money left in your wallet?“
bait yor audience
You could start with an interesting or funny thought, too.
When you’re writing about the phases of the moon, why not
begin the post like this: “Did you know that on the moon, you
would only weigh 16.5 percent of your weight on Earth?
bait your audience
Being too professional, employing a certain “code” of complex
sentence structures and foreign words or striving to make your piece look
expert-like and seem more credible might result in having a bad nonfiction
piece
use emotional language
The less abstract your nouns, the better. Any noun of something
you’re able to touch physically is better than something you can’t touch.
Palpable words draw the reader into your text more effectively, so he
experiences them instead of simply reading them
use emotional language
If you have great content, don’t encrypt it. Provide
even more value for your reader by cutting the content
down into easily digestible bites.
Say it as simply as possible, but make sure your idea
comes across.
say it simply
Include an unexpected twist or turn when you can. It will
keep things interesting and fun for your audience.
Keep readers on their toes by asking them a question and
answering it in a way they wouldn’t have expected. For
example, if you are writing an article about robots, you could
ask: Which famous person drew early plans for a robot?
surprise the reader
Include an unexpected twist or turn when you can. It will
keep things interesting and fun for your audience.
Keep readers on their toes by asking them a question and
answering it in a way they wouldn’t have expected. For
example, if you are writing an article about robots, you could
ask: Which famous person drew early plans for a robot?
surprise the reader
elements of creative non-fiction (5)
- setting
- descriptive imagery
- figurative language
- plot
- characters
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The ____ is the time and place where the story takes place. Usually,
an effective story establishes its setting early in the story: otherwise
readers will have a difficult time visualizing the action of the story.
Establishing setting effectively may emerge by letting the readers be
emerged on it – by showing rather than telling.
setting
five senses to help readers picture the setiing in their minds (5)
- visual (sight)
- auditory (sound)
- olfactory (smell)
- tactile (touch)
- gustatory (taste)
aquamarine, glistening
visual (sight)
ragged breaths
auditory (sounds)
spicy-scented
olfactory (smell)
burning, hot august afternoon sun
tactile
tasted crisp
gustatory (taste)
It is the way the writer paints the
scene, or image, in the mind of
the reader. It usually involves
descriptions of one or
more of the five senses: sight,
sound, smell, touch, or taste.
descriptive imagery
____ is using language in a surprising way to describe a
literary moment.
Figurative language
This can take the form of ____, such as saying “The
lemon tree was heavy with innumerable miniature suns.” Since the
lemons are not actually suns, this is figurative;
metaphor
or even take the form of
____: “Aunt Becky’s attitude was as sour as a lemon.” By comparing an
abstract concept (attitude) to an object (lemon), it imparts a
feeling/meaning in a more interesting way.
simile
This refers to the actual events that take place within the
bounds of your narrative. Using our rhetorical situation
vocabulary, we can identify “____” as the primary subject of a
descriptive personal narrative.
plot
3 (4??? ewan ko na) related elements to consider for the plot
- scope
- sequence
- freytag’s pyramid: chronological
- pacing
refers to the boundaries of plot. The way of
determining the scope varies based on rhetorical
situation.
scope
– this pertains to the order of events
sequence
parts of freytag’s pyramid: chronological (5)
- exposition
- rising action
- climax
- falling action
- resolution
Here, you’re setting the scene, introducing
characters, and preparing the reader for the
journey.
Exposition:
In this part, things start to happen. You (or
your characters) encounter conflict, set out on
a journey, meet people, etc
Rising action:
This is the peak of the action, the main showdown,
the central event toward which your story has been
building.
Climax:
Now things start to wind down. You (or your
characters) come away from the climactic
experience changed—at the very least, you
are wiser for having had that experience
Falling action:
Also known as
dénouement, this is where all
the loose ends get tied up. The
central conflict has been
resolved, and everything is
back to normal, but perhaps a
bit different
resolution
literally means “in the middle of things”; a story that
begins in medias res begins in the middle of the
action. This leads to this sequence:
in media res
- may be told in a series of flashbacks or
vignettes, therefore, making the story jump back and forth in
time. Stories about trauma are often told in this fashion. In
using this plot form, be sure to make clear to readers how/why
the jumps in time are occurring. A writer might clarify jumps in
time by adding time-stamps or dates or by using symbolic
images to connect different vignettes.
non linear narrative
determines how quickly readers move through
the story. In short, it is the amount of time you
dedicate to describe each event in the story.
Pacing -
This is one of the major requirements in making a story
because they bring life to the story.
characters
the development of characters through
actions, descriptions, and dialogue. Your audience will be more
engaged with and sympathetic toward your narrative if they can
vividly imagine the characters as real people
Characterization –
2 ways to do characterisation
- directly
- indirectly
through specific
description of the character—
What kind of clothes do they
wear? What do they look,
smell, sound like?—or,
Directly,
through the behaviors, speech, and thoughts of
the character—What kind of language, dialect, or register do
they use? What is the tone, inflection, and timbre of their
voice? How does their manner of speaking reflect their
attitude toward the listener? How do their actions reflect
their traits? What’s on their mind that they won’t share with
the world?
Indirectly,
– position from which your story is told will help
shape your reader’s experience, the language your narrator and
characters use, and even the plot itself. It impacts tone, mood,
scope, voice, and plot.
Point of View
the emotional register of the story’s language.
Tone –
the emotional register a reader experiences.
Mood –
communication between two or more characters.
Good ____ often demonstrates the traits of a
character or the relationship of characters –
relationships can influence tone of voice, word
choice (such as using slang, jargon, or lingo), what
details we share, and even what language we speak.
Dialogue -
parts of characters (3)
- characterisation
- point of view
- dialogue
