Q1 - CESC Flashcards
Derived from the Latin word communis which means “common” or “shared”
community
Community derived from the Latin word ____ which means “common” or “shared”
communis
TWO TYPES OF COMMUNITY
Geographical Community
Non-Geographical Community
It is a community where members share
the same geographical vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood
Geographical community
It is a community formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and roles in social institutions such as at home, all work, in government, society, or the community at large
Non-Geographical community
They are imperative in building community.
imperative means importance
Communication and relationships
Communities in two levels
Micro-level community
Macro-level
A community group is formed based on personal ties. This may include groups formed for pursuing common interests or goals like forming a small organization to hold a fund-raising activity such as concerts.
Micro-level community
Large group affiliation is formed such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities.
Macro-level
Importance of studying community: (5)
- It motivates people to work together
- It encourages social, religious, or traditional obligations for mutual help
- People see a genuine opportunity to better their own lives and for the community.
- It understands policies promoting community participation that values social capital.
- Community participation could be understood as the direct involvement of citizenry in the affairs of planning, governance, and overall development programs at local or grassroot levels.
The changes in the community brought about by social, cultural and environmental experiences whether it is positive or negative development that impacts within the community.
Community Dynamics
It is any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people.
Community Action
There are 3-key points in grasping the definition more meaningful:
UNDERSTANDING
ENGAGEMENT
EMPOWERMENT
Raise an awareness about certain communal issues that needs to be addressed. People develop the feeling of
involvement once they truly comprehend the situation
within. They come together to support advocacies that will
overcome community needs and difficulties.
UNDERSTANDING
Once issues are assessed properly and people in the community understand the needs, they work collaboratively to act on it. The
main goal of engaging in the community is to improve the
partnership and 10 coalitions among the community. It is
important that engagement occurs so that members will be able
to involve meaningfully in the activities that they have created
ENGAGEMENT
Enable the people to independently decide, plan-out and take action to control the situation they have in the community. This means, initiative and decisions come from internal group organized for the benefit of everyone. It is also necessary that the community can provide significant networks and linkages that will genuinely serve the advocacies that they have built.
EMPOWERMENT
An umbrella term for various fields of study
which examines social relations and human society.
Social Science
It describes “community as a group of people in a particular area
interacting together.
Social Science
The following are disciplines in social sciences that related to
the idea of community:
5 items
- Anthropology
- Economics
- Political science
- Pschology
- Sociology
This field examines the various aspects of humans,
such as their biology, behavior, culture and social interactions.
Anthropology
This field studies the production, allocation and
consumption of goods and services.
Economics
The field encompasses the various ways and
means of allocating power, influence, decision-making. This
includes types of governments and management systems, and
how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions
when they do not have recognized leaders.
Political science
This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and
social behavior. This extends to interaction between people and
interpersonal relationships.
Psychology
This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions,
and culture. It introduces the concepts of social capital and
communitarianism.
Sociology
It is defined as the networks of relationship among people who
live and work in a particular society for the effective functioning of the
community.
Social capital
Explains the connection between the individual and the
community. Every person has a special role in one’s society, and it’s part of
human nature to relate with other people in various conditions or
situations.
Communitarianism
Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an
organization in service to society. This perspective views society
as a community of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity. Examples include people’s organization, civic
organization, and social movements.
Civil Society Perspective
This perspective highlights volunteerism. Members of
communities may involve themselves in various programs or
activities. The community uses self-organization and encourages
the local citizens to contribute to the community by taking
responsibilities and actions.
Local and Grassroots Perspective
Views the community in
three different dimensions.
Institutional Perspective
It is an existing
establishment or physical
space where members of
the community go for a
certain purpose.
First Dimension
It is the institutional community
as a social model. This is defined
by networks and institutions
where community group are
formed in certain areas such as
schools, churches or companies.
Second dimension
Community is composed of
the ways people act,
interact with each other,
react, and expect each
other to act and interact.
Third dimension
They are important figures that will
guide the members to carry out the
plans in pursuit of the group’s
objectives.
Leaders
They are appointed based
on qualifications, attitude
and most often, through the
votes of the residents.
Ex. National and local:
President, Vice, Mayor,
congressman and
governors.
Formal Power Structure
There are also people who are
appointed because of their ability to
lead, direct or
achieve without an official leadership
title.
Examples are managers, supervisors,
philanthropists, businessmen,
producers and even employees who
lead their group as likable and
charismatic leaders.
Informal Power Structure
Are individuals or bodies whose
authority is based on formal rules and
institutions. They are appointed
because of their intelligence,
reputations, decision-making,
dictation from laws and policies and
connections.
Example: appointments made by the
president of the country through
his/her Powers of Appointment as
stated in the constitution
LEGAL
AUTHORITATIVE
DECISIONMAKERS
Community leaders are with
direct relation with you through familial relations,
affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network,…
Interrelationship
They could be part of an institution
or an association, that has a particular purpose in
our community.
Organization
Awareness of the ____
is necessary in aiding the residents to reflect on ways
to be positively involved in its improvement.
Being aware of the structure of the community and
exploring its aspects will help you understand the
necessary measures that should be undertaken to
serve as an active member of a community and as
future leaders of the community.
essential aspects of the community
Structure of government
local politics
Decision-making power and control
local politics
Major issues currently in debate
local politics
(total number of people)
- Population size (demographics)
(ratio of people to the space
they inhabit)
Population density (demographics)
(the extent to which community
members have diverse characteristics)
Heterogeneity (demographics)
ethnic groups
demographics
- Names given to various parts of the community
demographics
- Areas known for having their own characteristics
(ex: industrial area, blue collar
families)
demographics
Isolation from or closeness to other
communities
demographics
- History of the area
demographics
Changes and development of the area
demographics
the community’s physical environment
geography and environmental influence
the community’s location and proximity to
highways, bodies of water or mountains
geography and environmental influence
existence of recreational areas concerns
regarding environment hazards such as
pollution, power shortages, among others
geography and environmental influence
cultural values, traditions and beliefs of various
segments of the population
beliefs and attitudes
spiritual and political values of the residents
beliefs and attitudes
available social agencies and the help they
can extend
beliefs and attitudes
perceptions of residents as part of the
community.
beliefs and attitudes
-
businesses, factories and other sources of
employment that characterize the community
local economy and business
nature of business (owned by local residents or
government)
local economy and business
public assistance benefits available to residents
income distribution
median income level of residents
income distribution
-
income levels and corresponding percentage of
population.
income distribution
- housing conditions
housing
population density
not under demographics
housing
types of housing
housing
ownership and status of houses (rental, real
estate, etc.)
housing
education system
Educational
facilities and
programs
extent of community support
aspects of community
Educational
facilities and
programs
existence of public and private schools
Educational
facilities and
programs
adherence to intended curriculum of the
Department of Education
Educational
facilities and
programs
adequate numbers of health professionals and
specialists
. Health and
Welfare Systems
social service programs
Health and
Welfare Systems
respect of service providers to the needs and
values of minority populations
health and welfare systems
availability of fire and police protection
aspects of community
health and welfare systems
safety of the environment
health and welfare systems
- the residents’ view on public safety and justice
system.
health and welfare systems
presence of TV and radio stations and
newspapers which provide the people
information and perspectives on current events
Sources of
information and
public opinion
community organizations’ capacity to update
residents on important information
Sources of
information and
public opinion
the capacity of the sources of information to
enhance the residents’ skills to promote
positive change
. Sources of
information and
public opinion
- the presence of community leaders who speak
for various marginalized subgroups
Sources of
information and
public opinion
overall assessment of community’s functioning
Summary
Assessment of
Community
Issues
dealing with social problems (youth gangs,
poverty, abuse)
. Summary
Assessment of
Community
Issues
gaps in social, health care, and other
community and educational services
Summary
Assessment of
Community
Issues
A ____ is an important figure in the
community.
leader
Leaders must possess
important characteristics such as: (4)
- effective communication
- develeopment of social capital building
- community engagement
- collaboration
an open communication is highly
recommended for leaders and their constituents. There should be free access
to important information concerning social issues and public matters.
effective communication
developing a resilient
capital is among the most important contributors to successful
community leadership
Development of Social Capital Building-
it is important to encourage young
leaders to participate so that they are ready to
take over when the time comes.
Community Engagement-
leaders should learn to “build bridges” and
**develop networks among community leaders **within the diverse
fields.
Collaboration-
is the capacity
of the community to exercise
control over activities and seek
ways to employ available resources
to establish a stronger and
successful community
Community Power
A classification according to general type. In this module, this refers to the types of communities
Typology
Institutionally stuctured hierarchies, which define the relationship between authoritative and subordinate groups
formal
Seen to typically** operate through socio-cultural mechanisms** within the community structures
informal
industrialised and commercial centers where population density is relatively high compared to rural communities
urban
pastoral, agricultural, and located along the periphery of urban centers or in the countryside
rural
integration and interaction between individuals and groups away from each other in time or space or both
global
a group of people sharing the same environment and conditions such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, and risks
local
Types of typology communities (6)
- formal
- informal
- global
- local
- rural
- urban
The group is created as per official
authority, fulfill certain goals or
objectives
formal
The group possesses a systematic
hierarchical structure
formal
The position of the member defines
his/her importance in the group
formal
There is a personal relationship
among members
informal
The flow of communication stretches
in all direction
informal
Example: A group of jogging
enthusiasts who meet once a week
at the city park.
informal
There is professional relationship
among members
formal
Flow of communication is restricted
due to the chain of command
formal
people have
assigned positions based their
functions.
Business Firm
-(Formal)
The group is formed according to the
likes, interests, and attitudes of the
members
informal
The group has a loose structure, and the
members join to satisfy their social
needs
informal
Every member is important as any other
member
informal
a phyiscal or virtual space which members of the community visit or where they stay
social space
example: social centre, online social media, or gathering spaces where peopole gather or interact
social space
types of social spaces (2)
- owned by the government
- private social spaces
these are spaces genereally open and accesible to people
owned by the government
examples: such as town squares, parks, and beaches
owned by the government
are owned and regulated regularly, such as shopping malls
private social spaces
these social spaces **may be used by community residnets **for their gatherings or simple recreation activities
private social spaces
general characterisations of rural areas: (3)
- few people
- distant
- livelihood
population density is found to be low, meaning few people populate the entire community, and they tend to live far apart from each other
few people
the area situated geographically distant from large urban areas
distant
each area typically specialises in a particular form of livelihood, such as farming
livelihood
characteristics of urban areas(7)
- various industries and business are found in the areas
- a large portion of people lived in rented apartments or houses
- transportation is readily available although this may be costly
- traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
- urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and structures
- have higher population density, with more diverse subgroups (ethinic, racial cultural, age, sexual orientation)
- the large population gives rise to close interactions among many people as well as more intense political involvement among citizens
They are various groups or
subdivisions of the larger community
divided based on characteristics such
as political, economic, cultural, and
religious beliefs.
community sectors
Medical and mental health professionals;
pharmacists and pharmacies; hospitals
and other in-patient facilities, clinics,
non-traditional health practitioners;
public health agencies and systems
health
Public and private preschools, K-12 schools,
colleges and universities, school committees,
school administrators, teachers, other
educational institution employees; parents,
students, state board of education; adult
basic education (ABE) and English as Second
or Other Language (ESOL) programs
education
The local and state police, the court
system- judges, probation officers,
prosecutors, court appointed defense
lawyers, court-mandated program
for offenders.
law enforcement
Regional, provincial, state, local, and
tribal government bureaucracies,
agencies, and officials, both elected
and appointed.
government
From the self-employed carpenter
to the multinational corporation
with a local facility.
business
Youth themselves (generally viewed as ages
18 and younger) and those who work
directly with them (youth violence
prevention and outreach programs, Big
Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs,
scouting, etc.) parents, human service,
culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
youth
Newspapers and magazines, radio,
and TV, vast array of blogs, videos,
online news, and other materials
available on the internet
the media
Non-profit professional and volunteer
organizations that provide free and
affordable services such as job training,
food, shelter, elder services, services for
individuals with physical or mental
disabilities, support and advocacy for
immigrants, among others.
human services
Places of worship and their members,
religious organizations (e.g. Knights of
Columbus, CBCP) of all faiths, may
include the hierarchy of a national
church as well (a Roman Catholic
archbishop, for instance)
religion
The Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and
other local and national or international
service organizations, college
fraternities/sororities or other local and
national social clubs, as well veterans’
organizations and the like
service/ fraternal organisation
Individuals for or against political issue,
supportive of existing institutions,
oriented toward economics, or more
generally concerned with the quality of
community life (e.g. organizers of
community festivals)
community activist volunteer groups
Artists such as musicians, dancers and
choreographers, writer, actors and directors,
designers and visual artists, as well as arts
organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support
staff in the arts- stagehands, cameramen,
electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular
consumers and supporters of the arts.
culture
Both public and private non-profit housing
agencies and organizations that provide rent
subsidies or affordable housing. As well as
developers who build market-rate and upscale
residential and commercial properties may
include everyone from fair housing advocates to
those who own or manage urban real estate
worth millions of pesos
housing development
Sports clubs, town or county recreation
departments, amateur and professional
athletic associations, public and private sports
and recreation facilities, gyms, coaches,
personal trainers, recreation leaders, and
camp directors, as well those who participate
in these groups as athletes, spectators, or
supporters.
sports and recreation
Individual environmentalists, international,
national, and local environmental
organizations, conservation land trusts,
recreational hunters and fishermen, and other
outdoor people, hydrologists, those who make
a living from a pristine or carefully-managed
environment.
the environment
Confined to rural areas, may also
include dairy farmers, cheesemakers,
winemakers and vineyards, and food
processors and packers, including all
consumers of the food produced.
agriculture
types of community sectors (16)
- health
- education
- law enforcement
- government
- business
- youth
- the media
- human services
- religion
- service/ fraternal organisation
- community activist volunteer groups
- culture
- housing development
- sports and recreation
- the environement
- agriculture
A ____ is defined as a group of people sharing the
same environment and conditions, intent, belief, resources,
preferences, and needs and risks. These factors may affect
the identities of the individuals as well as the community’s
degree of cohesiveness.
Local community
A ____ may consist of business operators, public
agency staff, residents with interactions that may include
sharing of resources, information, and assistance
local community
____ may also be present between local
businesses and consumers.
Commercial relationships (local community)
A system characterized by integration and interaction
between individuals and groups away from each other in time
or space or both.
global community
- The word “____” refers to the nation of the world
considered closely connected by modern telecommunication,
though they are economically, socially and politically
independent (Sebastian, 2009, and dictionary.com)
global (global community)
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global
communities intertwine.
global community
- Establishments, programs, and other events that started in
the local setup may eventually grow to have a global
presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
global community
Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when
implemented successfully, may reach the global community,
and gain traction there as well such as outreach activities,
programs during calamities etc.
global community
This perspective views society
as a community of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity. Examples include people’s organization, civic
organization, and social movements.
Civil Society Perspective
