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LIFE 103 > Plant Structure > Flashcards

Plant Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Three main organs of plants

A

roots, leaves, and stems

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2
Q

What do roots do

A

supply water and minerals to the plant

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3
Q

What do leaves do

A

supply sugars to the plant

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4
Q

What do stems do

A

supply support and structure and transport systems

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5
Q

Function of roots

A

Anchoring the plant
Absorbing minerals and water
storing organic nutrients

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6
Q

here does absorption of water and minerals occur in most plants

A

root hairs

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7
Q

Types of Roots

A

Taproot systems
Adventitious roots
Fibrous roots

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8
Q

Taproot system

A

one main vertical root

lateral roots, or branch roots

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9
Q

Adventitious roots

A

can arise from stems or leaves

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10
Q

Fibrous roots

A

seedless vascular plants and monocots

thin lateral roots with no main root

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11
Q

Modified roots

A 
prop roots
strangling roots
Pneumatophores
Buttress roots
Storage root
Haustorial roots
Climbing root
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12
Q

Prop roots

A

Aerial roots

Add structural support

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13
Q

Strangling roots

A

Grow around objects supporting the plant
Strangler figs
- epiphytes

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14
Q

Pneumatophores

A

Roots that rise up in the air
Pores allow gas exchange
Mangroves

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15
Q

Buttress roots

A

support large trees

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16
Q

Storage root

A

tap root

lateral root

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17
Q

Haustorial roots

A 
Parasitic plants (mistletoe, dodder, snow plants)
Absorb water and nutrients from other plants
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18
Q

Climbing root

A

Adventitious root
Supports climbing plants
Negatively phototrophic
(Ivies)

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19
Q

What does a stem consist of

A

an alternating system of nodes, and internodes

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20
Q

Nodes

A

the points at which leaves are attached

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21
Q

Internodes

A

the stem segments between nodes

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22
Q

Axillary bud

A

can form a lateral shoot, or branch

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23
Q

Apical bud or terminal bud

A

located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

24
Q

Apical dominance

A

dormancy in most non-apical buds

25
Q

Modifies stems

A 
corm
Rhizome
Cladophylls
Stolon
Bulbs
26
Q

Corm

A

Short, underground storage stem

Taro, Gladiolus, Saffron

27
Q

Rhizome

A

Horizontal stem
Usually underground
Sends out roots, shoots
(Ginger, poison oak, bermuda grass)

28
Q

Cladophylls

A

Flattened photosynthetic stems resembling leaves

29
Q

Stolon

A 
Horizontal stem
At the ground surface or just underground
Adventitious roots
Produces clone at the end of the stem
(strawberry, many grasses)
30
Q

Bulbs

A

Underground stems
Modified leaves - storage when dormant
(garlic, onion)

31
Q

What do leaves consist of

A

flattened blade and a stalk called the petiole, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem

32
Q

Modified leaves

A

Bracts
Tendrils
Storage leaves

33
Q

Bracts

A

Associated with the reproductive structure
Often brightly colored
(Bougainvillea, Poinsettia)

34
Q

Tendrils

A 
Used for attaching for climbing 
Can photosynthesize
Can be thigmotropic
(pea plant)
In other plants, tendrils derive from stems
35
Q

Storage leaves

A

can store water
nutrients
toxins
succulents (ice plants, agave)

36
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

spines, thorns, prickles

37
Q

spines

A

Modified leaves
used for defense
common in xerophytes

38
Q

thorns

A

modified stems

39
Q

prickles

A

modified epidermis

Roses are an example

40
Q

Types of plant tissues

A

dermal
ground
vascular

41
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

epidermis
cuticle
periderm
Trichomes

42
Q

Epidermis

A

In non-woody plants

one cell layer thick

43
Q

Cuticle

A

waxy coating

help prevent water loss from the epidermis

44
Q

Periderm

A

in woody plants
protective tissues
replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots

45
Q

Trichomes

A

are outgrowths of the shoot epidermis and can help with insect defense

46
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

carries out long-distance transport of material between roots and shoots

47
Q

Two vascular tissues

A

Xylem and Phloem

48
Q

Xylem

A

conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots

49
Q

Phloem

A

transports organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

50
Q

Stele

A

the vascular tissue of a stem or root

51
Q

What is the stele of the root in angiosperms

A

a solid central vascular cylinder

52
Q

vascular bundles

A

strands of xylem and phloem. The stele of stems and leaves is divided into vascular bundles

53
Q

Ground Tissue system

A

tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular.

Includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, and support

54
Q

Pith

A

Ground tissue internal to the vascular system

55
Q

Cortex

A

ground tissue external to the vascular tissue.

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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