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LIFE 103 > Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in Domain Eukaryotes

A 
single and multi-celled organisms
cells with membrane bound organelles
Cytoskeletons
Various forms of energy and nutrient intake
complex phylogeny
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2
Q

Protista

A

the informal name of the kingdom of mostly unicellular eukaryotes

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3
Q

What kind of group is protista

A

paraphyletic

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4
Q

What are protists

A

eukaryotes, have organelles and are more complex than bacteria and archaea

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5
Q

What falls under protists

A

all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

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6
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

contain chloroplasts

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7
Q

Heterotrophs

A

absorb organic molecules or ingest larger food particles

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8
Q

Mixotrophs

A

combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition

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9
Q

How do eukaryotes produce

A

sexually or asexually

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

Unique to eukaryotes

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11
Q

Much eukaryote diversity has its origins in

A

endosymbiosis

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12
Q

Mitochandria evolved by

A

endosymbiosis of an aerobic prokaryote

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13
Q

Plastids evolved by

A

endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacteria

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14
Q

The plastid-bearing lineage of protists evolved into

A

red algae and green algae

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15
Q

Secondary endosymbiosis

A

red and green algae underwent, they were ingested by a heterotrophic eukaryote

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16
Q

Excavata

A

characterized by cytoskeleton
some members have feeding groove
includes diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

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17
Q

What is in Excavata

A

diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

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18
Q

Diplomonads

A

have modified mitochondria called mitosomes

Are often parasites

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19
Q

Parabasalids

A

Have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes

Include Trichomonas vaginalis, the pathogen that causes yeast infections

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20
Q

Euglenozoa

A

Have spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
Kinetoplastids and Euglenids

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21
Q

Kinetoplastids

A

Have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

22
Q

Euglenids

A

have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell

23
Q

Chromalveolata

A

Clade is monophyletic and originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event
includes alveolate and stramenopiles

24
Q

What is in clade chromalveolata

A

alveolate and stramenopiles

25
Q

Superphylum alveolata

A

protists, have membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
includes the dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates

26
Q

what is in the super phylum alveolata

A

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates

27
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

aquatic mixotrophs and heterotrophs
abundant components of both marine and freshwater plankton
Each has characteristic shape that is reinforced by internal plates of cellulose
Cause of red tides

28
Q

Apicomplexa

A

parasites of animals and some cause serious human diseasesApex - contains complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host
require two or more different host species

29
Q

What apicomplexan causes malaria

A

Plasmodium

Requires mosquitoes and humans to complete life cycle

30
Q

Phylum Stramenopila (or Heterokonts)

A

Diatoms, Golden algae, Brown algae

31
Q

Diatoms

A

unicellular algae with a unique two-part glass-like was of hydrated silica

32
Q

Golden algae

A

unicellular (some colonial), named for their color which results from their yellow and brown carotenoids

33
Q

Brown algae

A

the largest and most complex algae
all are multicellular
most are marine
include seaweeds

34
Q

Components of brown algae

A

thallus, holdfast, stipe, and blades

35
Q

thallus

A

the algal body that is plantlike but lacks true roots, stems, and leaves

36
Q

holdfast

A

rootlike, anchors the stipe

37
Q

stipe

A

supports the blades

38
Q

blades

39
Q

alternation of generations

A

the alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid forms

40
Q

heteromorphic generations

A

structurally different

41
Q

Isomorphic generations

A

Look similar

42
Q

Rhizaria

A

monophyletic clade
Amoebas
include forms and radiolarians
Have hard shells called tests

43
Q

Supergroup Archaeplastida

A

in Rhizaria

includes red algae, green algae, and land plants

44
Q

what is included in archaeplastida

A

red algae, green algae, and land plants

45
Q

land plants descended from

A

green algae

46
Q

Red algae

A

reddish in color due to an accessory pigment called phycoerythrin which masks the green of chlorophyll
Usually multicellular
seaweeds

47
Q

Green algae

A

grass-green chloroplasts

48
Q

two main groups of green algae

A

chlorophytes and charophyceans

49
Q

where do chlorophytes live

A

in fresh water, although many are marine. Others live in damp soil, as symbionts in lichens or in snow

50
Q

Unikonts

A

supergroup of eukaryotes

includes animals, fungi, and Closely related eukaryotes

51
Q

Clade Amoebozoans

A

clade of Unikonts
well supported
Amoebas and slime molds

52
Q

Tow kinds of slime molds

A

plasmodial and cellular

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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