Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LIFE 103 > Gymnosperms > Flashcards

Gymnosperms Flashcards

1
Q

Seed

A

consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the protective coat of a seed called

A

Integument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the Integument do

A

contains food supply for embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is common to seed plants

A

reduced gametophytes
heterospory
Ovules
pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do the gametophytes of the seed plants develop

A

within the walls of spores that are retained within tissues of the parent sporophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two kinds of gametophytes

A

Male gametophytes

Female gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Male gametophytes

A

Pollen grains
dispersed by wind, water, or pollinator
No need for water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Female Gametophytes

A

Develop within an ovule
Enclosed within diploid sporophyte tissue in angiosperms
Ovule and protective tissue are the ovary
The ovary develops into fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ancestors of seed plants were

A

homosporous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seed plants are

A

heterosporous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Megasporangia

A

produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microsporangia

A

produces microspores that give rise to male gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ovule

A

consists of a megasporangium, megaspore, and one or more protective integuments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many integuments do gymnosperm megaspores have

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many integuments do angiosperm megaspores have

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Megasporangium in females

A

diploid tissue where haploid megaspore is formed (meiosis)

17
Q

Microspores in females

A

haploid cell that grows into the female gametophyte, including the egg nucleus

18
Q

Microsporangium in Males

A

diploid tissue where haploid microspores are formed (meiosis).

19
Q

Microspores in Males

A

develop into male gametophyte

20
Q

Pollen in Males

A

contains the male gametophyte within the tough pollen wall

21
Q

Process of Gymnosperm fertilization

A
  1. Pollen released into air, spread for miles
  2. Pollen grain reaches ovule and germinates
  3. Pollen tube grows, digesting through megasporangium
  4. Pollen tube reaches egg nucleus, discharges sperm nucleus into egg nucleus of female gametophyte
22
Q

Pollen grains

A

Microspores develop into pollen grains, which contain the male gametophytes

23
Q

Pollination

A

the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

24
Q

What does pollen do

A

eliminates the need for a film of water and can be dispersed great distances by air or animals

25
Q

What happens if a pollen grain germinates

A

it gives rise to a pollen tube that discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

26
Q

Where does a seed develop from

A

the whole ovule

27
Q

A seed is a ____

A

sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat

28
Q

Evolutionary advantages of seeds over spores

A
  1. May be dormant for years, until conditions are favorable for germination
  2. May be transported long distances by wind or animals
29
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta

A
  • large cones and palm like leaves
  • Mesozoic, relatively few today
  • 300 alive today
  • rare plant collectors are willing to steal
  • largest sperm of all organisms
30
Q

Phylum Ginkgophyta

A
  • consists of a single species, Ginkgo biloba
  • has high tolerance to air pollution
  • dioecious
  • leaves remain little changed for 270 million years
31
Q

Dioecious

A

Male and female structures on different trees

32
Q

Phylum Gnetophyta

A
  • compromises three genera

- species vary in appearance, and some are tropical whereas others live in deserts

33
Q

Three genera of gnetophyta

A

Gnetum
Ephedra
Welwitschia

34
Q

Phylum Coniferophyta

A
  • Largest of the gymnosperm phyla

- Most are evergreens and can carry out photosynthesis year round

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions