Circulatory System

Question 1

What do small and simple animals use

Answer 1

passive diffusion

Question 2

simple animal circulatory system

Answer 2

gastrovascular cavity

Question 3

three components of open and closed systems

Answer 3

A circulatory fluid
A set of tubules
A muscular pump

Question 4

Open circulatory system

Answer 4

blood bathes the organs directly
there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
arthropods, insects, and most molluscs

Question 5

Open circulatory system fluid

Answer 5

hemolymph

Question 6

closed circulatory system

Answer 6

blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid

Question 7

which system, open or closed, is more efficient

Answer 7

closed systems are more efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells

Question 8

Blood Plasma

Answer 8

92% water

Question 9

what solutes does blood plasma contain

Answer 9

nutrients, wastes, and hormones
Ions
Proteins

Question 10

Ions in blood plasma

Answer 10

Na+, Cl-, and trace Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, K+, and Zn2+

Question 11

Proteins in blood plasma

Answer 11

Albumin, alpha and beta globulins, fibrinogen

Question 12

what happens if fibrinogen is removed

Answer 12

plasma is called serum

Question 13

Red Blood Cells

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

Question 14

How many red blood cells per microliter of blood

Answer 14

5 million

Question 15

Mature mammalian erythrocytes

Answer 15

lack nuclei

Question 16

RBCs of vertebrates contain

Answer 16

hemoglobin

Question 17

White blood cells

Answer 17

Leukocytes

Question 18

How many blood cells are leukocytes

Answer 18

less than 1%

Question 19

Two types of leukocytes

Answer 19

Granular leukocytes

Agranular leukocytes

Question 20

Granular leukocytes

Answer 20

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 21

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 21

Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 22

where do blood cells develop

Answer 22

from pluripotent stem cells

Question 23

Hemotopoiesis

Answer 23

blood cell production

Question 24

Where does hematopoiesis occur

Answer 24

bone marrow

Question 25

2 types of stem cells

Answer 25

Lymphoid stem cell | Myeloid stem cell

Question 26

Lymphoid stem cell

Answer 26

Lymphocytes

Question 27

myeloid stem cell

Answer 27

all other blood cells | Erythropoietin

Question 28

Erythropoietin

Answer 28

stimulates the production of erythrocytes

Question 29

Arteries

Answer 29

branch into arterioles and carry blood to capillaries

Question 30

capillary beds

Answer 30

networks of capillaries | are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

Question 31

Venules

Answer 31

converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

Question 32

How many chambers are there in vertebrate hearts

Answer 32

two or more

Question 33

blood enters through the

Answer 33

atrium

Question 34

blood is pumped out through a

Answer 34

ventricle

Question 35

Single circulation

Answer 35

bony fishes, ray, and sharks have single circulation with a two-chambered heart

Question 36

In single circulation, blood leaving the heart

Answer 36

passes through two capillary beds before returning

Question 37

Double circulation

Answer 37

amphibians, reptiles, and mammals have double circulation | oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood are pumped separately from the right and left sides of the heart

Question 38

Capillaries

Answer 38

have thin walls, the endothelium plus its basement membrane to facilitate the exchange of materials

Question 39

Arteries and veins

Answer 39

have an endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue

Question 40

Arteries and veins differences

Answer 40

Arteries have thicker walls than veins to accommodate the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart

Question 41

What happens in veins

Answer 41

blood flows back to the heart mainly as a result of muscle action