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LIFE 103 > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

Parazoa

A

Porifera (sponges)

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2
Q

Porifera (sponges)

A 
sequential hermaphroditism
gametes from choanocytes or ameobocytes
eggs stay in mesohyl
sperm released from sponge and enter other sponge via pores
larvae are free swimming
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3
Q

Ctenophora

A 
Movement by cilia
A few mm to 1.5 m
Found in marine systems
comb jellies
Radial
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4
Q

Cnidarian

A

Radial
Diploblastic
Polyp and medusa phase
Venomous

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5
Q

Clades of Cnidaria

A

Hydrozoa, Scyphozoans, Cubozoans, Anthozoans

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6
Q

Hydrozoans

A

Polyp stage more conspicuous
Fresh water and marine habitats
Can reproduce by budding
Portuguese Man o’ war

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7
Q

Scyphozoans

A

Medusa is obvious stage
Pelagic species lack a polyp stage
most are jellies

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8
Q

Cubozoans

A

box shaped medusa
complex eyes
highly toxic cnidocytes

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9
Q

Anthozoans

A

medusa stage absent
most are sessile
Sea anemones and coral

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10
Q

Eumetazoa contains

A 
radial dibloblasts
-Cnidaria
-Ctenophora
Bilateral (triploblasts)
-Protostomes
  *Platyzoa
  *Lophotrochozoa
  *Ecdysozoa
-Deuterostomes
  *Echinodermata
  *Chordata
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11
Q

Clade Platyzoa

A 
small bilateral animals
no respiration system
no circulation system
some acoelomates
some pseudocoelomates
free living and parasitic
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12
Q

Phylum Platyheminthes

A

Flatworms
Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial
Triploblastic acoelomates
water and gas exchange by diffusion

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13
Q

Phylum Platyheminthes contains the clades:

A

Turbellarians, Monogeneans and trematodes

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14
Q

Turbellarians

A

Free living and found in marine habitats
Planarians
reproduce asexually by fission
Hermaphrodites

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15
Q

Monogeneans

A

parasites both in and on hosts

Parasitic on fish

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16
Q

Trematodes

A

parasitic
sexual and asexual stages
some reproduce asexually through fission
hermaphrodites - mates fertilize eachother

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17
Q

Phylum Rotifera

A

fresh water, marine and damp terrestrial habitats
Alimentary canal separates mouth and anus
reproduce by parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction)

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18
Q

Bdelloidea

A

In phylum rotifera
Asexual
no males, 40 MYA
incorporates DNA from environment

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19
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa

A

Highly diverse body forms
multiple phyla
some develop lophophore for feeding, some trochophore larval stage, some neither

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20
Q

Platyzoa contains

A

Rotifera and Platyhelminthes

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21
Q

Lophotrochozoa contains

A

Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Annelida, Mollusca

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22
Q

Brachiopoda

A

“lamp shells”
Resemble clams
Shells are dorsal/ventral not lateral like mollusks
Marine

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23
Q

Byrozoa

A

colonial animals
encased in exoskeletons
Reef builders
Marine and freshwater

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24
Q

Annelida

A

segmented worms
marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial
coelomates

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25
Q

Annelida contains

A

oligochaete, Polychaeta, Hirundinea

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26
Q

Oligochaeta

A

Earthworms and aquatic species
Improve soils for farmers
Hermaphroditic
some asexually reproduce

27
Q

Polychaeta

A

free living
mostly marine
Parapodia - ridge-like structures used in locomotion
bristle worms

28
Q

Hirundea

A

leeches
parasites, predators, and detritivores
freshwater
medicinal

29
Q

Mollusca

A

mostly marine but also fresh water and terrestrial

secrete hard shell made of calcium carbonate.

30
Q

3 body parts of mollusks

A
  1. muscular foot
  2. Mantle - fold of tissue over visceral mass
  3. Radula - rasping feeding organ
31
Q

Mollusca contains

A

Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda

32
Q

Polyplacophora

A

Chitons
shell divided into 8 plates
intertidal marine habitat
consume algae with radula

33
Q

Gastropoda

A 
Largest class of muscles
Marine, freshwater, terrestrial
snails and slugs
Torsion rotates visceral mass - anus near head
Hermaphroditic
34
Q

Bivalvia

A 
Shell divided in 2
No distinct head
No radula
some have eye spots
gills for gas exchange
filter or suspension fillers
clams
35
Q

Cephalopoda

A 
Predators
octopus and squid
well developed sense organs
complex brains
beak-like jaw
closed circulatory system
most do not have shell
Chromatophores 
Photophores
36
Q

Chromatophores

A

organs that allow organisms to change color by distorting cytoplasmic sacculus

37
Q

Photophores

A

organs that allow bioluminescent light to shine from organism

38
Q

Ecdysozoa

A

Covered by tough coat called cuticle
cuticle shed or molted through process called ecdysis
2 largest phyla are nematodes and arthropods

39
Q

Ecdysozoa contain

A

Nematoda and Arthropoda

40
Q

nematoda

A 
Round worms 
water, soil, plant, and animal tissues
no circulatory system
alimentary canal
most are separate sexes with females able to produce 100,000 fertilized eggs per day
Parasitic - hookworm, heart worm, pinworm
crop pests
key soil species
41
Q

Arthropoda

A

10^18 arthropods Alice on earth
most successful phylum
535-525 MYA

42
Q

Arthropoda contain

A

Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, Crustacea

43
Q

Chelicerata

A

Chelicerae - pincers or fangs
Body composed of cephalothorax and abdomen
No antennae
Earliest were water scorpions
Most species extinct except for sea spiders and horseshoe crabs

44
Q

Chelicerata contain

A

Arachnids

45
Q

Arachnids

A 
Largest group. 
Cephalothorax has 6 pairs of appendages
-chelicerae
-pedipalps used for sensing, feeding, reproducing
- 4 pairs legs
46
Q

Myriapoda

A

Millipedes and centipedes
all are terrestrial
all have pair of antennae and 3 pairs modified appendages serving as mouth parts
segmented.

47
Q

Millipedes

A

2 pairs of legs per segment

detritivores

48
Q

Centipedes

A

1 pair legs per segment
carnivores
have venomous claws

49
Q

Hexapoda

A 
More species in Hexapoda than all other forms of life combined
insects and springtails
six legs
terrestrial and fresh water
flying species numerous
50
Q

Hexapoda include

A

insects

51
Q

simple (incomplete) metamorphosis

A

nymphs resemble small adults
series of molts make nymph look more like adult
final molt produces sexual maturity and wings

52
Q

Complete metamorphosis

A

specialized larval stage (grub, caterpillar, maggot)

larval stage looks different than adult

53
Q

Insects contain

A

Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera

54
Q

Coleoptera

A

Beetles
complete metamorphosis
most diverse species

55
Q

Lepidoptera

A

Butterflies and moths

complete metamorphosis

56
Q

Diptera

A

flies

complete metamorphosis

57
Q

Hymenoptera

A

Bees, wasps, ants

Complete metamorphosis

58
Q

Orthoptera

A

Grasshoppers, crickets

simple metamorphosis

59
Q

Crustacea

A

variable number appendages

gas exchange across cuticle or by gills

60
Q

crustacea contain

A

isopods, decapods, copepods

61
Q

isopods

A

wood lice and other species

terrestrial, marine, fresh water

62
Q

decapods

A

lobsters, crabs, shrimp

carapace is hardened cuticle on dorsal cephalothorax

63
Q

copepods

A

krill and other species

planktonic crustaceans

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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