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LIFE 103 > Light > Flashcards

Light Flashcards

1
Q

Photomorphogenesis

A

effects of light on plant morphology

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2
Q

phototropism

A

directional growth in response to light

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3
Q

What do plants detect

A

light direction, intensity, and wavelength

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4
Q

Action spectrum

A

depicts relative response of a process to different wavelengths

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5
Q

What are the classes of light receptors

A

Blue-light photoreceptors and phytochromes

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6
Q

Blue-light photoreceptors

A

control hypocotyl elongation
Control stomatal opening
Control phototropism

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7
Q

Phytochromes

A

Pigments that regulate many of a plant’s responses to light throughout its life
Seed germination
shade avoidance
Etiolation (shoot elongation)

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8
Q

what system provides the plant with information about the quality of light

A

phytochrome system

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9
Q

Shaded plants receive far more _____ than ____ light

A

far-red, red

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10
Q

Shade avoidance response

A

the phytochrome ratio shifts in favor of Pr when a tree is shade

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11
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

cycles that are about 24 hours long and are governed by an “internal clock”

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12
Q

What may the internal clock depend on

A

synthesis of a protein regulated through feedback control and may be common to all eukaryotes

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13
Q

Photoperiod

A

the relative lengths of night and day

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14
Q

what is the environmental stimulus plants use most often to detect time of year

A

Photoperiod

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15
Q

Phytochrome conversion

A

marks sunrise and sunset, providing the biological clock with environmental cues

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16
Q

Photoperiodism

A

a physiological response to photoperiod

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17
Q

Short-day plants

A

Flower when light period is shorter than a critical threshold

18
Q

Long-day plants

A

flower when a light period is longer than a certain number of hours

19
Q

Day-neutral plants

A

flowering is controlled by plant maturity, not photoperiod

20
Q

what are short-day plants governed by

A

whether the critical night length sets a minimum number of hours of darkness

21
Q

what are long-day plants governed by

A

whether the critical night length sets a maximum number of hours of darkness

22
Q

Flowering Locus C (FLC)

A 
Discovered in Arabidopsis thaliana
FLC activation inhibits flowering
MADS box gene
Controls vernalization
Epigenetic control regulates the gene
Cold exposure reduces expression
23
Q

florigen

A

the flowering signal

24
Q

what are florigens

A

may be a macromolecule governed by the CONSTANS gene

25
Q

what must happen for a bud to form a flower instead of a vegetative shoot

A

meristem identity genes must first be switched on

26
Q

Gravitropism

A

Response to gravity

27
Q

what kind of gravitropism do roots show

A

positive gravitropism

28
Q

what kind of gravitropism do shoots show

A

negative gravitropism

29
Q

statoliths

A

specialized plastids (amyloplasts) containing dense starch grains

30
Q

what may contribute to gravity detection

A

dense organelles, in addition to starch granules

31
Q

Thigmomorphogenesis

A

refers to changes in form that result from mechanical disturbance

32
Q

Thigmotropism

A

movement of ions induces osmotic potential change

33
Q

What are the responses to drought

A 
reduce transpiration by closing stomata
slow leaf growth
reduce exposed surface area
growth of shallow roots is inhibited
deeper roots continue to grow
34
Q

Response to flooding

A

enzymatic destruction of root cortex cells creates air tubes that help plants survive oxygen deprivation during flooding

35
Q

Response to herbivory

A

thorns and distasteful or toxic compounds

Some plants “recruit” predatory animals that help defend against specific herbivores

36
Q

Responses to high temps

A

produce heat shock proteins (HSPs) if exposed to rapid temperature increases
Can survive otherwise lethal temperatures if they are gradually exposed to increasing temperature

37
Q

HSPs

A

stabilize other proteins

38
Q

Thermotolerance

A

the gradual exposure of plants to high temperatures

39
Q

Responses to chilling

A

Lipid composition of a plant’s membranes can help predict whether the plant will be sensitive or resistant to chilling
Supercooling - survive as low as -40 C
Limits ice crystal formation to extracellular spaces
Antifreeze proteins

40
Q

The more unsaturated the membrane lipids are,

A

the more resistant the plant is to chilling

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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