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LIFE 103 > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the single phylum of angiosperm

A

anthophyta

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2
Q

What is included in angiosperms

A

seed plants
flowers
fruits

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3
Q

Flowers

A

specialized structure for sexual reproduction

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4
Q

How are flowers pollinated

A

animals (insects, mammals, birds) and wind

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5
Q

Pollinator has a large effect on the adaptations of the flower

A

color
shape
scent

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6
Q

Gymnosperms are primarily____pollinated

A

wind

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7
Q

Amorphophallus titanum

A
  • largest unbranched inflorescence
  • corpse flower
  • only found in sumatra
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8
Q

Rafflesia schadenbegiana

A
  • largest flower. 1 meter diameter, bloom lasts 5-6 days
  • corpse flower
  • Indonesia and malaysia
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9
Q

Flowers house the _____ generation

A

gametophyte

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10
Q

Modified stems bearing

A

modified leaves

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11
Q

Primordium

A

develops into a bud at the end of a stalk called the pedicel

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12
Q

pedicel

A

expands at the tip to form a receptacle, to which other parts attach

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13
Q

Flower parts are organized into circles called

A

Whorls

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14
Q

Outermost whorl

A

sepals

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15
Q

Second whorl

A

petals

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16
Q

Third whorl

A

stamens (androecium)

  • pollen is the male gametophyte
  • Each stamen has a pollen-bearing anther and a filament (stalk)
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17
Q

Innermost whorl

A

gynoecium

  • consists of one or more carpels
  • house the female gametophyte
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18
Q

The carpel

A

consists of an ovary at the base and a style leading up to a stigma where pollen is received

19
Q

Sometimes carpel is referred to as ___

A

pistil

20
Q

Embryo sac

A

female gametophyte

develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

21
Q

Embryo sac

Daughter nuclei divide to produce

A

8 haploid nuclei in 2 groups of 4

22
Q

What happens after the daughter nuclei divide

A
  1. 2 nuclei (1 from each group of 4) migrate toward center - ruction as polar nuclei - my fuse
  2. Cell closest to the micropyle becomes the egg
  3. 2 other cells are synergies
  4. Antipodals are the 3 cells at the other end - they have no function
23
Q

Integuments become the

A

seed coat

24
Q

The 8 haploid nuclei in 7 cells make up the

A

female gametophyte

also known as the embryo sac

25
Q

The stamen

A

modified microsporophyll
male part of flower
Microsporangium - pollen sacs

26
Q

Complete flower

A

has all 4 modified leaves

incomplete is missiong one or more

27
Q

Perfect flowers

A

have both male and female parts

28
Q

Monoecious plant

A
  • has both male and female parts
  • perfect flowers are monoecious
  • but plant could have female flower ad male flowers
29
Q

Dioicous plant

A

Each sporophyte produces either male or female gametophytes

30
Q

Perfect flowers can’t

A

self pollinate

some plants have very high frequency of selfing

31
Q

Mechanisms to prevent selfing

A

Gametophytic self incompatibility
Heterostyly
Sporophytic Self Incompatibility

32
Q

Gametophytic self incompatability

A

Proteins prevent pollen tube from growing

33
Q

Heterostyly

A

Stamens and Carpels are of different length

34
Q

Pollen

A

Male gametophyte

Pollen structure influenced by dispersal methods

35
Q

Exterior of pollen composed primarily of

A

Sporopollenin

36
Q

A pollen grain that has landed on a stigma germinates and the pollen tube of the male gametophyte

A

grows down the ovary

37
Q

Ovule is entered by a pore called the

A

micropyle

38
Q

Double fertilization

A

occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

39
Q

One sperm fertilizes the egg while the other combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of

A

food-storing endosperm

40
Q

The endosperm

A

nourishes the developing embryo

41
Q

Double fertilization continued

A
  • one sperm unites with egg to form the diploid zygote - new sporophyte
  • other sperm unites with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm - provides nutrients to embryo
42
Q

Cotyledons

A

within a seed, the embryo consists of a root and one or two seed leaves called cotyledons
gymnosperms have 2-24 cotyledons

43
Q

Hypogeal cotyledons

A

stay below ground and do not photosynthesize

44
Q

Epigeal cotyledons

A

expand on germination and push off seed shell, photosynthesizing above ground

LIFE 103 (28 decks)

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