Ferns and Horsetails

Question 1

Bryophytes

Answer 1

height limited by lack of vascular tissues
Flagellated sperm usually in moist environments
Gametophytes are the dominant generation

Question 2

Seedless Land Plants

Answer 2

vascular tissues allow for larger, taller plants
Flagellated sperm and are usually restricted to moist environments
Sporophytes are the dominant generation

Question 3

Fern gametophytes

Answer 3

Hermaphroditic

A few mm in size

Question 4

What do vascular tissues do

Answer 4

facilitates the transport of fluids (and hence nutrients) through the plant

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

in vascular plants

conducts most of the water and minerals and includes dead cells called tracheids

Question 6

Phloem

Answer 6

in vascular plants

consists of living cells and distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Question 7

lignin

Answer 7

strengthens water-conducting cells and provides structural support

Question 8

Roots

Answer 8

organs that anchor vascular plants

enable vascular plants to absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Question 9

Leaves

Answer 9

organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, thereby capturing more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis

Question 10

Microphylls

Answer 10

leaves with a single vein

Question 11

Megaphylls

Answer 11

leaves with a highly branched vascular system

Question 12

True roots include

Answer 12

Tap roots

Tuberous roots

Question 13

Tap roots

Answer 13

large vertically growing root

carrots, radish, parsnips

Question 14

Tuberous roots

Answer 14

modified lateral roots for storage

sweet potatoes, yam

Question 15

Modified stems

Answer 15

corm
rhizomes
Tuber

Question 16

One more kind of root

Answer 16

bulbs

Question 17

Sporophylls

Answer 17

modified leaves with sporangia

Question 18

Sori

Answer 18

clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls

Question 19

Strobili

Answer 19

cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

Question 20

homosporous

Answer 20

producing one type of spore that develops into a bisexual (hermaphroditic) gametophyte

Question 21

Most seedless vascular plants are

Answer 21

homosporous

Question 22

All seed plants and some seedless vascular plants are

Answer 22

heterosporous

Question 23

heterosporous species produces

Answer 23

megaspores and microspores

Question 24

megaspores

Answer 24

give rise to female gametophytes

Question 25

microspores

Answer 25

give rise to male gametophytes

Question 26

Phylum Lycophyta

Answer 26

includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts

Question 27

Phylum Pterophyta

Answer 27

includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives

Question 28

a more recent name for Pterophyta

Answer 28

Monilophyta

Question 29

Lycophytes

Answer 29

abundant in tropics
lack seeds
superficially resemble true mosses
Sporophyte dominant

Question 30

Pterophytes

Answer 30

Common ancestor gave rise to whisk ferns and horsetails
all form antheridia and archegonia
all require free water for flagellated sperm

Question 31

What is the second largest plant phyla after the angiosperms

Answer 31

ferns

Question 32

Ferns

Answer 32

12,000 species
Relatively little economic impact
Invasive species
Limited food source
Horticulture
Toxic waste removal

Question 33

Horsetails

Answer 33

Found on all continents except Asia and Australia
all are homosporous
diverse in carboniferous
limited economic importance