Physiology week 1&2 Lecture Quiz

Question 1

The human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium such that all body compartments are identical. T/F

Answer 1

false

Question 2

Cell membranes are said to be….What?

Answer 2

also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

Question 3

What is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer in the cellular membrane?

Answer 3

the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins

Question 4

For a substance to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cells, needs to have all of the following characteristics

Answer 4

semi permeable size polarity

Question 5

The __________ channel proteins specialized for the passage of water.

Answer 5

Aquaporins

Question 6

The Osmolarity is the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of water. T/F

Answer 6

false

Question 7

The Hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of nonpermeating solutes than intracellular fluid (ICF) . T/F

Answer 7

false

Question 8

The ___________ ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Answer 8

tonicity

Question 9

Transport proteins differ from membrane enzymes because carriers do not chemically change their ligand. T/F

Answer 9

true

Question 10

This kind of Membrane carrier carries 2 or more solutes in opposite directions. …???

Answer 10

antiport

Question 11

The active transport is the carrier-mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient.????

Answer 11

false

Question 12

In the Sodium-Potassium Pump, each pump cycle consumes one ATP and exchanges two Na+ for three K+. T/F

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump?

Answer 13

only if sodium and potassium are available

each pump cycle consumes one ATP and exchanges three Na+ for two K+

keeps the K+ concentration higher and the Na+ concentration lower with in the cell than in ECF

necessary because Na+ and K+constantly leak through membrane
half of daily calories utilized for Na+ - K+ pump

Question 14

Which of the following requires ATP?

Answer 14

Exocytosis is a form of vesicular transport. All vesicular transport processes are active processes that require ATP.

Question 15

Which one is false about Factors affecting diffusion rate through a membrane?

Answer 15

The rate of diffusion is affected by the concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, and pressure.

Question 16

An isotonic solution is when concentrations in cell and ECF are the same. T/F

Answer 16

true

Question 17

The ___________ is cell drinking” taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules useful in the cell

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+?

Answer 18

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 19

Which of the following transport systems does not use a protein?

Answer 19

simple diffusion/passive transport

Question 20

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding osmosis?

Answer 20

osmosis is is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding diffusion?

Answer 21

diffusion is the process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding active transport?

Answer 22

active transport is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 23

What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?

Answer 23

interstitial fluid and blood plasma

Question 24

The resting membrane potential of a neuron……IS WHAT?

Answer 24

about -70 mV

Question 25

Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in …WHAT?

Answer 25

occurs along a concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration and does not require energy, while active transport from low concentration to high concentration occurs against the concentration gradient and requires energy.

Question 26

Which molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

Answer 26

lipids

Question 27

Activation energy is……WHAT?

Answer 27

Activation energy is defined as the minimum amount of extra energy required by a reacting molecule to get converted into a product. It can also be described as the minimum amount of energy needed to activate or energize molecules or atoms so that they can undergo a chemical reaction or transformation.

Question 28

When an enzyme’s activity is inactivated by heat or a change in pH, the enzyme is said to be

Answer 28

denatures enzymes

Question 29

A competitive inhibitor binds to

Answer 29

the active site of an enzyme.

Question 30

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell’s ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________.

Answer 30

cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 31

In the electron transport chain, ________ acts as the final electron acceptor.

Answer 31

Oxygen

Question 32

Which of the following starts glycolysis?

Answer 32

Glycolysis starts with glucose and ends with two pyruvate molecules, a total of four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH

Question 33

NADH is produced from each reaction EXCEPT during

Answer 33

the citric acid cycle

Question 34

FADH2 is produced during…..WHAT?

Answer 34

the Krebs cycle

Question 35

Oxytocin is a hormone released in response to cervical dilation. This causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback does oxytocin trigger?

Answer 35

positive feedback loop

Question 36

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to do WHAT?

Answer 36

maintain the internal environment of the body within limits that allow it to survive.

Question 37

The smallest organizational level is a(n) is WHAT?

Answer 37

cell

Question 38

This ___________ studies match groups of people who all have a particular disease to a similar but healthy control group. The goal of these studies is to determine whether the development of the disease can be associated with a particular variable.

Answer 38

retrospective studies

Question 39

Ions with a negative charge are called…..WHAT?

Answer 39

anions

Question 40

A ________ is made up of solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Answer 40

solution