Physiology week 1&2 Lecture Quiz Flashcards
The human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium such that all body compartments are identical. T/F
false
Cell membranes are said to be….What?
also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
What is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer in the cellular membrane?
the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins
For a substance to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cells, needs to have all of the following characteristics
semi permeable size polarity
The __________ channel proteins specialized for the passage of water.
Aquaporins
The Osmolarity is the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of water. T/F
false
The Hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of nonpermeating solutes than intracellular fluid (ICF) . T/F
false
The ___________ ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
tonicity
Transport proteins differ from membrane enzymes because carriers do not chemically change their ligand. T/F
true
This kind of Membrane carrier carries 2 or more solutes in opposite directions. …???
antiport
The active transport is the carrier-mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient.????
false
In the Sodium-Potassium Pump, each pump cycle consumes one ATP and exchanges two Na+ for three K+. T/F
false
Which of the following is not a function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump?
only if sodium and potassium are available
each pump cycle consumes one ATP and exchanges three Na+ for two K+
keeps the K+ concentration higher and the Na+ concentration lower with in the cell than in ECF
necessary because Na+ and K+constantly leak through membrane
half of daily calories utilized for Na+ - K+ pump
Which of the following requires ATP?
Exocytosis is a form of vesicular transport. All vesicular transport processes are active processes that require ATP.
Which one is false about Factors affecting diffusion rate through a membrane?
The rate of diffusion is affected by the concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, and pressure.
An isotonic solution is when concentrations in cell and ECF are the same. T/F
true
The ___________ is cell drinking” taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules useful in the cell
Pinocytosis
Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+?
extracellular fluid (ECF)
Which of the following transport systems does not use a protein?
simple diffusion/passive transport
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding osmosis?
osmosis is is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding diffusion?
diffusion is the process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding active transport?
active transport is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
interstitial fluid and blood plasma
The resting membrane potential of a neuron……IS WHAT?
about -70 mV
Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in …WHAT?
occurs along a concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration and does not require energy, while active transport from low concentration to high concentration occurs against the concentration gradient and requires energy.
Which molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?
lipids
Activation energy is……WHAT?
Activation energy is defined as the minimum amount of extra energy required by a reacting molecule to get converted into a product. It can also be described as the minimum amount of energy needed to activate or energize molecules or atoms so that they can undergo a chemical reaction or transformation.
When an enzyme’s activity is inactivated by heat or a change in pH, the enzyme is said to be
denatures enzymes
A competitive inhibitor binds to
the active site of an enzyme.
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell’s ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________.
cytoplasm, mitochondria
In the electron transport chain, ________ acts as the final electron acceptor.
Oxygen
Which of the following starts glycolysis?
Glycolysis starts with glucose and ends with two pyruvate molecules, a total of four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH
NADH is produced from each reaction EXCEPT during
the citric acid cycle
FADH2 is produced during…..WHAT?
the Krebs cycle
Oxytocin is a hormone released in response to cervical dilation. This causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback does oxytocin trigger?
positive feedback loop
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to do WHAT?
maintain the internal environment of the body within limits that allow it to survive.
The smallest organizational level is a(n) is WHAT?
cell
This ___________ studies match groups of people who all have a particular disease to a similar but healthy control group. The goal of these studies is to determine whether the development of the disease can be associated with a particular variable.
retrospective studies
Ions with a negative charge are called…..WHAT?
anions
A ________ is made up of solutes dissolved in a solvent.
solution
