Patho lecture quiz 4

Question 1

1. The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

Answer 1

ST-Segment elevation

Question 2

2. Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

Answer 2

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands

Question 3

3. Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

Answer 3

B-Hemolytic streptococcal infection

Question 4

4. Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

Answer 4

antiplatelet drugs

Question 5

5. An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

Answer 5

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Pulmonary and aortic
Stenosis or atresia

Question 6

6. Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

Answer 6

communication between aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 7

9. Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Answer 7

diastolic murmur

Question 7

7. Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

Answer 7

cardiac tamponade

Question 8

10. An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98 mm Hg. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Answer 8

left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload

Question 8

11. A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

Answer 8

syncope

Question 8

8. Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

Answer 8

impaired cardiac filling

Question 8

12. Which inflammatory disorders can alter endothelial cell function? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 8

-lupus erythematosus
-Kawasaki syndrome
-polyarteritis nodosa

Question 9

13. What is false about Acute Renal Failure?

Answer 9

True- Acute renal failure is the sudden loss of the kidney’s ability to secrete urine.

Question 9

14. What is false about Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Question 10

15. The following are the outcomes of hypertension, except;

Question 11

19. Which is CORRECT about Neurogenic Shock?

Question 11

16. Adult secondary hypertension may be related to all of the following, except;

Answer 11

acute pyelonephritis

Question 12

17. The Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension may be a result of all of the following, except

Answer 12

myocardial infraction, urine retention

Question 12

18. In regards of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), what is false?

Question 13

20. In Anaphylactic Shock, the clinical symptoms include all of the following except;

Answer 13

all symptoms
Urticaria
Bronchoconstriction
Stridor
Angioedema
Wheezing
Itching

Question 13

21. A reduction in _________ production after birth contributes to the heart s closure and constriction in patent ductus arteriosus.

Answer 13

Prostaglandin E

Question 14

23. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Answer 14

Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 14

22. __________ is a congenital malformation that results in the formation of one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles

Answer 14

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 15

26. First-degree heart block is characterized by

Answer 15

Prolonged PR interval more than .20 seconds

Question 15

27. In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Answer 15

ventricular dysrhythmias
ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia

Question 15

25. Cor pulmonale refers to

Answer 15

Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease

Question 15

24. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

Answer 15

Pulmonary Congestion

Question 16

28. A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

Answer 16

Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 17

29. The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

Answer 17

vasodilation

Question 18

30. In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

Answer 18

high cardiac output

Question 19

31. Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)

Answer 19

contractility
-cardiac output
-tissue perfusion
-myocardial oxygen demand

Question 20

32. Hypertension is closely linked to

Answer 20

obstructive sleep apnea

Question 21

33. The nurse understands that which is the correct description of a Korotkoff sound?

Answer 21

Korotkoff Sounds
Phase Description
I Initiation of clear tapping sounds—systolic blood pressure
II Murmuring or swishing sounds
III Increase in intensity and crispness of sounds
IV Muffling of sounds
V Disappearance of sounds—diastolic blood pressure

Question 21

35. Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

Answer 21

nitric oxide

Question 22

34. Diagnostic tests used to diagnose or confirm MI include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 22

-electrocardiogram
-cardiac catheterization
-echocardiography
-radionuclide scintigraphy

Question 23

36. A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

Answer 23

obstructive

Question 24

37. Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)

Answer 24

-genitourinary tract
-gastrointestinal tract
-respiratory tract
-skin

Question 25

38. An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

Answer 25

positioning arm above heart level

Question 26

39. After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 mm Hg to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Answer 26

Continuous lifestyle modifications only

Question 27

40. Mitral stenosis is associated with

Answer 27

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve