Patho lecture quiz 4 Flashcards
- The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is
ST-Segment elevation
- Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
- Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
B-Hemolytic streptococcal infection
- Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with
antiplatelet drugs
- An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Pulmonary and aortic
Stenosis or atresia
- Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)
communication between aorta and pulmonary artery
- Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur
- Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of
cardiac tamponade
- An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98 mm Hg. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?
left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload
- A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
syncope
- Constrictive pericarditis is associated with
impaired cardiac filling
- Which inflammatory disorders can alter endothelial cell function? (Select all that apply.)
-lupus erythematosus
-Kawasaki syndrome
-polyarteritis nodosa
- What is false about Acute Renal Failure?
True- Acute renal failure is the sudden loss of the kidney’s ability to secrete urine.
- What is false about Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
- The following are the outcomes of hypertension, except;
- Which is CORRECT about Neurogenic Shock?
- Adult secondary hypertension may be related to all of the following, except;
acute pyelonephritis
- The Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension may be a result of all of the following, except
myocardial infraction, urine retention
- In regards of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), what is false?
- In Anaphylactic Shock, the clinical symptoms include all of the following except;
all symptoms
Urticaria
Bronchoconstriction
Stridor
Angioedema
Wheezing
Itching
- A reduction in _________ production after birth contributes to the heart s closure and constriction in patent ductus arteriosus.
Prostaglandin E
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to
Pulmonary Stenosis
- __________ is a congenital malformation that results in the formation of one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles
Truncus Arteriosus
- First-degree heart block is characterized by
Prolonged PR interval more than .20 seconds
- In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
ventricular dysrhythmias
ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia
- Cor pulmonale refers to
Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease
- Left-sided heart failure is characterized by
Pulmonary Congestion
- A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is
vasodilation
- In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high cardiac output
- Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)
contractility
-cardiac output
-tissue perfusion
-myocardial oxygen demand
- Hypertension is closely linked to
obstructive sleep apnea
- The nurse understands that which is the correct description of a Korotkoff sound?
Korotkoff Sounds
Phase Description
I Initiation of clear tapping sounds—systolic blood pressure
II Murmuring or swishing sounds
III Increase in intensity and crispness of sounds
IV Muffling of sounds
V Disappearance of sounds—diastolic blood pressure
- Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide
- Diagnostic tests used to diagnose or confirm MI include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
-electrocardiogram
-cardiac catheterization
-echocardiography
-radionuclide scintigraphy
- A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.
obstructive
- Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)
-genitourinary tract
-gastrointestinal tract
-respiratory tract
-skin
- An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
positioning arm above heart level
- After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 mm Hg to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
Continuous lifestyle modifications only
- Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve
