patho week 1

Question 1

Metaplasia is

Answer 1

the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.

Question 2

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

Answer 2

liquefactive

Question 3

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

Answer 3

decreased functional reserve.

Question 4

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

Answer 4

Burkitt lymphoma.

Question 5

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

Answer 5

dysplasia.

Question 6

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

Answer 7

calcium.

Question 8

Cancer grading is based on

Answer 8

cell differentiation.

Question 9

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

Answer 9

intracellular accumulations.

Question 10

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

Answer 10

carcinomas.

Question 11

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

Answer 11

P53.

Question 12

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

Answer 12

Mutant tumor-suppressor gene

Question 13

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Answer 13

tumor necrosis factor.

Question 14

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Answer 14

reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.

Question 15

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

Answer 15

It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.

Question 16

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor

Answer 16

is malignant.

Question 17

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will

Answer 17

kill rapidly dividing cells.

Question 18

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

Answer 18

deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.

Question 19

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 19

are normal cellular genes that promote growth.

Question 20

Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

Answer 20

cigarette smoking.

Question 21

The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

Answer 22

aldosterone.

Question 23

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

Answer 23

allostasis.

Question 24

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

Answer 24

endemic.

Question 25

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.

Answer 25

latent

Question 26

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

Answer 26

interrupted blood supply.

Question 27

Reperfusion injury to cells

Answer 27

involves formation of free radicals.

Question 28

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

Answer 28

tertiary prevention.

Question 29

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

Answer 29

energy and repair.

Question 30

An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed

Answer 30

hypertrophy.

Question 31

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Answer 31

death.

Question 32

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

Answer 32

secondary prevention.

Question 33

Somatic death refers to death

Answer 33

of the entire organism.

Question 34

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Answer 34

permanent damage and death.

Question 35

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

Answer 35

necrosis.

Question 36

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

Answer 36

decreased blood viscosity.

Question 37

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Answer 37

norepinephrine.

Question 38

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Answer 38

Insulin

Question 39

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of

Answer 39

secondary prevention.

Question 40

In general, with aging, organ size and function

Answer 40

decrease.