check your understanding week 6 for week 7 Flashcards
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis.
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate.
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease.
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women.
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy.
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis.
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction.
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury.
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia.
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol.
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet.
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels.
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism.
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis.
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis.
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis.
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure.
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism.
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic β-cell destruction.
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism.
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis.
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion.
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts.
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
decreased myoinositol transport.
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema.
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
pheochromocytoma.
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular.
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client’s report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women.
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis.
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet.
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol.
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury.
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus.
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen.
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis.
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis.
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia.
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease.
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
pheochromocytoma.
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly.
Surgical removal of a gland may result in
hyposecretion.
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium.
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor.
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis.
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis.
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia.
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis.
A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
tremors.
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism.
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer.
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality.
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
hypoglycemia.
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori.
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.
gangrene
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.
gastric bypass
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus.
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter.
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight.
A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of
Graves disease.
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency.
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis.
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds.
What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.
angiotensin II
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
dehydration.
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production.
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis.
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis.
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
acute
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual’s response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control.
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia.
The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is
hyperglycemia.
