Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing School WCU > Physiology Final Review > Flashcards

Physiology Final Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

A glomerulus is

A

the main filtering unit of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ACE converts

A

Angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, role in blood pressure regulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure EXCEPT

A

a decrease in cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amylases, the enzymes used to digest carbohydrates, are secreted by

A

salivary glands into the mouth and the pancreas into the intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells in the nephron secrete

A

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meiosis of one cell results in production of____WHAT?

A

Four genetically diverse haploid cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The H zone of a sarcomere contains….WHAT?

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The QRS complex of an ECG corresponds to_____WHAT HAPPENS THERE

A

depolarization of ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important because..WHAT?

A

it measures the pressure necessary for adequate perfusion of the organs of the body

or

it represents the driving pressure for blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from type I diabetes mellitus?

A

A.) hyperglycemia
B.) thirst and polydipsia
C.) glucosuria
D.) ketoacidosis

Glucosuria, thirst and polydipsia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, All of these answers are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following occurs immediately after the power stroke?

A

The myosin head must detach from actin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross-bridge formation occurs when calcium________

A

Calcium binds to troponin, altering its shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does “Calcium induce calcium release” mean?

A

the process by which extracellular Ca2+ triggers the release of stored Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sensory fibers of the muscle spindles synapse onto

A

alpha motor neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The polysynaptic reflex has at least one interneuron placed between the sensory and motor neurons.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When there is a resistance to stretch produced by a given limb muscle,____________.

A

Muscle tone is increased and more motor units are recruited to the contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ____________________ reflexes involve skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The tension generated in a skeletal muscle fiber is directly proportional to the number of_______

A

high energy crossbridges formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The contraction cycle is initiated by the rise in Na+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).T/F

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor?

A

Artrial natriuretic peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adenosine is vasodilator that increases blood flow to match metabolism, its source is the mast cells. T/F

A

Flase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Everything is true about veins, except;

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The primary determinant of velocity is the total cross-sectional area of the vessel. T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which is not a factor that influences mean arterial pressure?

A

influences: Blood volume, Heart rate, Stroke volume, Blood viscosity, Peripheral resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This reflex help us maintain body position…WHAT IS ?

A

myotatic reflex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In myocardial action potentials, in phase 2, we observe_________. WHAT

A

Calcium channels open and calcium ions pass into the muscle to facilitate muscular contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following has a long refractory period? Difference between muscles

A

Cardiac Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The T-P segment in EKG signifies _ _WHAT ____________.

A

The time between the end of heartbeat a and the beginning of heartbeat b.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which one is not part of the treatment for high blood pressure?

A

Diuretics and calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which is not a Tubular Element of the Kidney?

A

The Collecting Duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The _________ regulates the reabsorption of the ions and water for salt and water balance and ph homeostasis

A

Distal nephron (distal tubule and collecting duct)

32
Q

Which one is correct about GFR ?

A
33
Q

The __________ is the maximum rate of transport that occurs when all carriers are occupied by (are saturated with) substrate.

A

Saturation

34
Q

Which one is incorrect about secretion?

A
35
Q

Which of the following is secreted Ascending limb of loop of Henle?

A

Urea
water and sodium chloride

36
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete the enzyme renin if blood pressure decreases

A

True

37
Q

Which is false about Angiotensin II ?

A

activates parasympathetic output

38
Q

Hyperkalemia can provoke muscle weakness and failure of respiratory muscles and the heart. T/F

A

True

39
Q

Which of the following cells produces the intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

40
Q

The acute phase proteins (in inflammation) are produced by the___________.

A

Liver/ hepatocytes.

41
Q

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are_____________.

A

plasma

42
Q

An inflammatory response is triggered when______________

A

mast cells release histamine and heparin

43
Q

Immunoglobulins in early responses to pathogens are_______________.

A

IgM

44
Q

Contraction of the ________ alters the surface area by moving villi.

A

muscularis mucosae

45
Q

Rugae, plicae, and villi are all structures that _______do what?________.

A

increase absorption.

46
Q

The subepithelial connective tissue of the GI tract, immediately beneath the epithelium, is the____________.

A

Lamina Propria

47
Q

The myenteric plexus is______________.

A

a network of neurons

48
Q

Peyer’s patches are found in the__________

A

small intestine

49
Q

________ are pacemakers for slow wave activity.

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

50
Q

Which does NOT occur when you swallow?

A

pyloric sphincter does not open during swallowing
or
The upper esophageal sphincter closes

51
Q

Nearly 90% of our dietary calories from fat are in the form of____________.

A

Triglycerides

52
Q

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,….WHAT HAPPENS?

A

there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

53
Q

Bicarbonate secretion__________ who produce and where

A

the pancreas

54
Q

The location of most peptic ulcers are ______________

A

inner surface of the stomach or small intestine or Duodenum

55
Q

The primary complex carbohydrate ingested and digested by people is_____________.

A

Starch

56
Q

Maltose is broken down by maltase into two molecules of____________.

A

glucose molecules

57
Q

________ are tiny droplets of fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, mono- and diglycerides, and bile salts.

A

micelles

58
Q

________ digest terminal peptide bonds to release amino acids.

A

Endopeptidase

59
Q

Long reflexes that originate outside the digestive system include ________ reflexes and ________ reflexes, which are called ________ reflexes.

A

feedforward, emotional, cephalic

60
Q

________ is a protein cofactor secreted by the pancreas that allows lipases access to fats inside the bile salt coating.

A

Colipase

61
Q

Put the following steps of fat digestion and absorption in order:
a. Bile salts coat fat droplets.
b. Cholesterol is transported into cells.
c. Chylomicrons are formed.
d. Chylomicrons are removed by the lymphatic system.
e. Monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles.
f. Pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats.

A

a,f,e,b,c,d

62
Q

Which hormone inhibits gastric emptying?

A

Glucagon or secretin

63
Q

Which is the hormone that decreases iron absorption?

A

Motilin

63
Q

Which hormone targets the smooth muscle of the intestines?

A

hepcidin

63
Q

Which of the following blocks cholesterol absorption?

A

Ezetimibe

64
Q

Which does NOT occur during labor?

A

The umbilical cord breaks. Oxytocin released from the anterior pituitary./ Conception.

65
Q

Which hormone contributes to the onset of puberty?

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

66
Q

Which hormone is used as an indicator of polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

anti-Müllerian hormone

67
Q

Hemophilia, color blindness, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy occur more often in males than females. Why?

A

because the gene is located on the X chromosome.

68
Q

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called__________________

A

ketoacidosis

69
Q

Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?

A

They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.

70
Q

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect_________.

A

the skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and cardiac arrest could occur. Abnormal cardiac rhythms.

71
Q

Which leads to the lowest water loss during the day?

A

feces

72
Q

In the lumen of the proximal tubule, Na+ concentration is ________ the Na+ concentration inside the cells of the tubule wall.

A

is much higher than

73
Q

Urea is____________

A

passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

74
Q

The specialized cells found in the capsule epithelium are called pericytes. These cells have long cytoplasmic extensions called foot processes.

A

false

podocytes, foot processes

Nursing School WCU (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions