Physiology Mod 2 Flashcards
What are the alimentary canal organs?
Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What are the accessory Digestive organs?
Teeth, tongue, and glandular organs such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What is the difference between peristalsis and Segmentation?
Adjacent segments of the alimentary canal (alternating contract and Relax) Peristalsis
Non- Adjacent segments of the alimentary canal (alternating contract and Relax) Segmentation
Brush Boarder Enzymes Whattt??
Located in the intestinal lining (Sm. Intestines) ON THE WALLS! Don’t secrete –> Final digestion stage into the simplest foms so they can be absorbed
What are the 3 components of the Mucosa, and what is its function?
Epithelium, Lamina Propria, muscularis mucosa
INNERMOST- secrete mucous, protect from disease
Within the Lamina Propria there is what type of Lymph tissues?
MALT (Mucosa associated Lymphatic Tissue)
What is the purpose of the Submucosa?
Blood, Lymph, Nerve supply
What is the purpose of the Muscularis Externa?
Segmentation and Peristalsis (Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles)
What are the layers of the alimentaty canal from inside out?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
What plexus lies between the circular and longitudinal muscles of the muscularis externa?
Myernteric nerve plexus/ Submucosal Plexus
What are the short enteric nervous system reflexes?
Within the Enteric nervous system; control patterns of segmentation an peristalsis
What are the Long enteric nervous system reflexes?
Send impulses to CNS (Hypothalamus?)
What do the patietal cells secrete?
HCL and Intrinsic factor
What do the Cheif cells secrete?
Pepsinogen (When combined with HCl they make pepsin)
What is the function of Pepsin?
Digest proteins into AA’s
What type of reflex is initiated by changes in pH, distension, osmolarity, products of digestion?
Short GI reflex
Long reflexes (Cephalic phases) do what?
Feed forward & emotional reflexes, Outside, and sent to CNS
During Deglutition (swallowing) Which phase is voluntary and which is involuntary?
- Voluntary Buccal phase
- Involuntary Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase
Parietal cells produce
HCl and Intrinsic factor
Cheif cells make?
Pepsinogen
What are 2 stimuli during Gastric phase?
- stretch receptors in stomach
- Chemoreceptors- G cells in antrum stimulated by vagus and by protein
What are Plicae circulares?
Permanent folds in mucosa and submucosa that slow movement of chyme
Secretin: released by ? and Causes?
Released by enteroendocrine cells
When acidic chyme enters SI;
Causes: release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juices
Cholecystokinin (CCK): released when ?
Fatty, protein-rich chyme enters SI;
causes: release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juices and bile
Brush border enzymes??
process long peptides, nucleic acids, and sugars into smaller ones
– bound to epithelial cell membranes
– hydrolyze disaccharides, polypeptides
What is the gastrocolic reflex?
Extrinsic physiological reflexes - control the motility or peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract
Increase in the motility of the colon, creates the urge to defecate
What is the enterogastric reflex
Stimulated by the presence of acid levels in the duodenum or in the stomach
It releases acids and controls the release of stomach proteins such as gastrin.
What is the gastroileal reflex?
Stimulates the urge to defecate.
This reflex is stimulated by the opening of the ileocecal valve and moves the digested contents from the ileum of the small intestine into the colon for compaction.
What valve controlls/ Closes the Anus?
Kohlrausch’s valve (transverse rectal fold
The Internal sphincter Sympathetic from?
L1/2
The external sphincter muscle innervated by the?
Pudendal Nerve (S2-4)