OT Mod 5 Flashcards
Changes in tone and structure of the tissues
surrounding a joint may result in??
Varying degrees of rigidity or fixation of the joint at some point within the normal sphere of movement
What is the definition of a Subluxation?
When articular facets are carried by a traumatic force past their limit of normal excursion but short of dislocation.
What are the Important conditions to be
discussed when talking about Subluxation?
1) Rigidity or fixation of spinal joints within their normal range of movement.
2) Bony subluxations in the field outside of the normal range of motion.
Is Joint fixation a loss of all motion?
It should be kept in mind that the absolute loss of all motion is not always meant by “joint fixation.”
What is Joint fixation?
Joint fixation is a loss of motion and function of a segment, but not necessarily total loss of motion between facets.
What would be considered a total loss of motion?
Ankyloses (fusion)
In those conditions where the bones of a spinal joint have become rigid or fixed somewhere within their normal range of movement, the surrounding
supporting tissues may
Lesioned and the bones may not be subluxated.
“The degree of rigidity manifest in a spinal
lesion (and the extent of displacement, if
the joint is subluxated) is indicative of?
“The degree of rigidity manifest in a spinal
lesion (and the extent of displacement, if
the joint is subluxated) is indicative of
the extent and seriousness of soft tissue
involvement.”
When the articulating facets have, by _____, been forced beyond their normal range of movement and the joint has become ___ in that position, then we have a “_______?
When the articulating facets have, by traumatism, been forced beyond their normal range of movement and the joint has become fixed in that position, then we have a “subluxated joint.”
The principle part of spinal treatment is directed to the ______ but the subluxation, the true bony lesion, is often an _________
The principle part of spinal treatment is directed to the restoration of motion in joints; but the subluxation, the true bony lesion, is often an essential factor in consideration.
Restoration of _____joints to
alignment often _____________ and also to
release of tension in spinal tissues.
Restoration of concomitant joints to
alignment often leads to almost
immediate return to normal of tissues
surrounding that joint and also to
release of tension in spinal tissues.
Anterior lesions have ?
Anterior lesions have bilateral joint surfaces held in full overlapping (extension). Palpation elicits thickening and edema over the lesioned joints on either side
Posterior lesions have ?
Posterior Lesions have bilateral facets open as far as possible. Palpation elicits thickening and edema over the lesioned joints on either
side.
Flexion lesion?…
The articulation of the lesion side will flex less than that of the normal side
When the patient bends backward, the
articulation on the lesion side will ??
When the patient bends backward, the
articulation on the lesion side will be held opened up in flexion
A rotation-side-bending lesion with
the tip of the ?
SP moving and pointing towards the
lesioned side
An extension lesion with the tip of the spinous ? (Opposite of?)
Moving and pointing away from the lesioned side. ( a rotation-side-bending lesion)
Eliminating all considerations of pressure
effects and other??
Factors, rigidity of spinal joints impairs the circulation and drainage of theses joints and the spinal cord
A common finding in spinal lesions is ??
A relative lowering of alkalinity in surrounding tissues.
With the fluid of edema (and the PH Alterations? Being???), This would tend to increase?
(Alkalinity)
Conductivity of these tissues, lessen the efficiency of the insulation, and allow a leakage and short circuiting of nerve impulses into the tissues surrounding nerve fibres,
Regardless of type of technique/approach used when the spine is manipulated?
Many reflexes are elicited by touch and by motion.
In the chronic lesion, there is in
addition to the abnormal?
Tension in muscle fibres, fibrous infiltration in muscles and ligaments as a result of congestion and inflammation
A lesion with traumatized and acutely inflamed muscle and ligament may require ?
Less vigorous manipulation, not specific joint movement.
In Forward Bending (?) and Backward Bending (?) the overlaping of the spinal joints?
Forward bending (flexion): the overlapping of the spinal Joints is decreased.
Backward bending (extension): the over lapping of the spinal joints is increased.
Side-bending (lateral flexion): the joint opens on the side of the ____ and closes on the side of ______, and the spinous process of the upper _________
Side-bending (lateral flexion): the joint opens on the side of the convexity and closes on the side of concavity, and the spinous process of the upper of the two vertebrae
tilts toward the convexity
Rotation occurs in those regions of the spine where ?
Rotation occurs in those regions of the spine where the facets incline forwards.
The nucleus pulposus is the ______?
The nucleus pulposus is the mechanical axis for the gliding of the facets.
It maintains a constant distance between each pair of vertebrae near the center of the IVD
The ____ ______ compresses _____ and stretches _____ in forward-bending and vice versa.
The nucleus pulposus is the mechanical axis for the gliding of the facets.
Compresses anteriorly and stretches posteriorly in forward-bending and vice versa
The different positions occupied by the
vertebrae are brought about??
By the simple movements.
What is the Tripod principle? (3 Points)
The concept of the weight-bearing
structures of the spine as
1) Representing a series of tripods superimposed one upon another from
the sacrum to the axis
2) Changing normally from the
perpendicular through its many curves
3) Changing functionally in its varied
movements
4) Changing pathologically in lesion
When the lesion distorts the ____of a
vertebra on its fellow, the shift of weight
_________________ in that segment is disordered, stress immediately
develops, and the ____________
movement that flows through the spine with
the body movement is distorted
When the lesion distorts the motion of a
vertebra on its fellow, the shift of weight
from leg to leg and centre to centre in that
segment is disordered, stress immediately
develops, and the sinuous (twisting)
movement that flows through the spine with
the body movement is distorted
When a vertebra rotates out of position,
contractions or contractures appear in the ?? and is what out of position?
A vertebra rotates out of position,
contractions or contractures appear in the
supporting tissues, and the vertebra is
wedged out of position and held angulated.
What type of lesion is nature able to correct?
Through the normal movements of the
body, nature often corrects a first-
degree lesion.
A second-degree lesion cannot thus be corrected.
What is retracting? What type of lesions does this pertatin to ?
The vertebra must be put through the mechanical steps taken in producing its lesioned position, better known as “retracing.
Associated with 2nd degree lesions
A lesion (structural perversion) may
occur in any ____ and interfere with ??
Occur in any fixed tissue of the body and interfere with normal movement of the fluid tissues and with nerve action
What is the clinical evidence of the specific lesion?
1) Tenderness on palpation
2) Restricted motion
3) Altered position
4) Tension on surrounding tissues
5) Local edema
6) Lack of normal elastic tissues
7) Alteration of contour (body surfaces)
8) Change in posture
9) Local temperature
10) Local colour change
11) Consciousness on the part of the
patient of something wrong
12) Lack of functional capacity local and
remote
The autonomic nervous system exercises control over those inner activities which are necessary to the continuance of life in the organism….? (3 Points)
1) The action of the autonomic nervous system
2) The action of the CNS and its branches
3) The action of the endocrine glandular system
A stimulus affecting one of the three will to some extent physiologically alter the other two systems (What are the 3) (Theory of manipulative treatment)
1) The action of the autonomic nervous system
2) The action of the CNS and its branches
3) The action of the endocrine glandular system
Disease, whether from the osteopathic lesion, from ____ infection, from trauma, or, ______ will usually evidence a marked disturbance of the normal balance between _________, with one or the other division remaining more or less persistently _______ When it should ______
Disease, whether from the osteopathic lesion, from bacterial infection, from trauma, or, combination of these, will usually evidence a marked disturbance of the normal balance between the two divisions of the ANS, with one or the other division remaining more or less persistently hyperactive when it should except inhibition
