Module 1 Phy Flashcards
Glomerular filtrate: all substances in
blood except ?
RBCs & plasma protein
Juxtaglomerular Cells produce?
Renin
Extraglomerular mesangial cells are located?
junction between the afferent and efferent arterioles.
Extraglomerular mesangial cells are similar to smooth muscle?
Contractile property
Extraglomerular mesangial cells role in GFR?
Altering the vessel diamete
Macula Densa Respond to changes in the?
Sodium chloride levels in the distal tubule of the nephron
What do Macula Densa cells do to NaCl??
increase in the NaCl concentration causes
adjacent afferent arteriole to constrict
What does the PCT reabsorb?
65% of water, sodium, potassium and chloride,
ALL Glucose, Amino Acid’s
What are the walls of the PCT and DCT made of?
simple cuboidal epithelium (Lots of Mito?)
What is the descending loop of Henle impermeable to? and permeable to?
Impermeable to NaCL
Permeable to Water
Where is the urine concentrated versus diluted?
Concentrated in Loop oh Henle (DESCENDING)
Diluted in Loop (ASCENDING)
What is the DCT impermeable to?
Water (Without ADH)
When the DCT encounters aldosterone due to hypovolemia what happens?
Rapidly increase NaCl reabsorption to help restore blood volume
What is the bascment membrane consist of?
Endothelium
Endothelium (Basement membrane)
Epithelium (Basement membrane)
Epithelium
GFR filtrates all substances except?
RBC’s and Plasma
What is GFR proportional to?
Net Filtration (Hydro Pressure in Glomerus)
Total surface area availible for filtration
Filtration membrane permeability
How are the nephron Capillary beds Different than others?
Both Fed and Drained by Arterioles
Where do the Afferent arterioles arise from?
Cortical Radiate A
Where do the Efferent arterioles move blood to?
Into Vasa Recta or Peritubular Capillaries (High resistance)
Glomerular Filtration Apparatus is composed of?
Fenestrated Glomerular capillary
Glomerular basement Membrane
Podocyte foot processes with Filtration slits
What are Podocytes?
Filtration slits between foot processes allow filtrate to pass into Capsular space
What are the types of cells in the Collecting Duct??
Principle Cells (intercalated cells)
Sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct
Why are the intercalated discs important? Where are they?
Intercalated cells have apical microvilli and contain many mitochondria.
They engage in K+ and HCO3- secretion out of and H+ secretion into the collecting duct.
Reabsorption in CD’s depends on what regulating hormones
ADH, activates Aquaporins 2, these increase water reabsorption
Aldosterone, Activates ENaC Which increases Na+ reabsorption
Proximal Convoluted Tubule have what type of cells to increase SA for Capacity for reabsorb?
brush boarder
Distal Convoluted Tubule Reabsorbs?
Na, Cl, CA, Aldosterone
The loop of Henle is Permeable to __ and Not Permeable to___
Permeable to H2O NOT permeable to Salts
As Water descendss in the Loop, what happens and why?
Becomes Saltier
Because its permeable to H2O BUT NOT Salt Water will be diffusing … Water Follows Salt!